Fed Gears Up For Stimulus - Federal Reserve of United States Assignment

Essays on Fed Gears Up For Stimulus - Federal Reserve of United States Assignment ï » ¿Fed Gears Up For Stimulus - Federal Reserve of United States Table of Contents Agreement with the Article 2 Reference 4 Bibliography 4 Summary The selected article is ‘Fed Gears Up For Stimulus’ published in The Wall Street Journal on October 26, 2010. The article is about Federal Reserve of United States and its policy regarding the weak economy and inflation. The Federal Reserve is framing the new policy with regards to the current economic situation by implementing different strategy to control the economic conditions. The Central Bank is going to reveal a program in US for the treasury bonds which were obtained during the financial crisis (Hilsenrath Cheng, â€Å"Fed Gears Up for Stimulus†). For pushing down the long term interest rate, Fed is aiming to drive up prices of long term bonds. But officials are trying to avoid this scenario as this approach allows them to adjust their policy. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke is tying to implement the bond buying program as a monetary stimulus program. But the president of Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City believes that this would turn out to be an expensive monetary policy. From the view point of the investors, the expectation is high after the announcement of the program. But there is a debate among the investors and analysts regarding the policy. Due to such announcement there have been a lot of movements in the financial market. Certain Fed officials argue that the economy is in a long term transformation phase and the central bank should not make any decisions so early regarding the bond policies which might in future give rise to inflation or hit hard on the assets. Investors are still in doubt regarding how the policy of Mr. Bernanke will work but its effect is observed in the Dow Jones Industrial Average which was raised to 12% after the announcement of the bond policy. Along with this other commodities prices have increased and the US Dollar has gone down almost 10% against Euro. The chief objective of the program is to force long-term interest rates downward through pushing up the prices of the treasury bonds. Treasury policy has stumbled to about 2.6% in part as investors anticipate the Fed to be in the capital market for buying bonds. The policy is of acquiring 2-10 years maturity bonds but many of the Fed officials argue that it will be a long term loss which will not reap benefit at all. Agreement with the Article The article has focused upon the vital issue of the bond market in the present economic situation. It provides the view about the policy of long term bond program and the effect that has already taken place in Dow Jones. The expectation of investors and the concerns toward Fed has been depicted. In contrast to the issue, views of the other Fed officials are provided and an option for better argument regarding the issue is also shown. The involvements of the investors and the Central Bank in the article have provided a complete picture of the bond market issue. The article has accounted for both the view, i.e. in explaining Mr. Bernanke’s policy approach and that of other Fed officials with the Central Bank’s views. The article has been able to summarize the overall views about different opinions that make the article being agreed upon. There is a graphical representation provided in the article that makes it easy for understanding of this burning issue. Reference Hilsenrath, Jon Cheng, Jonathan. â€Å"Fed Gears Up for Stimulus†. October 27, 2010. The Wall Street Journal US, 2010. Bibliography Kendall, Brent. â€Å"Fed Won't Join Banks in Discount-Window Appeal†. October 27, 2010. The Wall Street Journal US, 2010.

Symptoms And Treatment Of Mental Illness - 3035 Words

Introduction Mental illness/disorder can be described as a change in a person’s cognitive, physical, emotional and/or behavioural control and organization that may cause distress in different areas of life (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). I chose mental illness as the affected population for the article in an inpatient setting; acute psychiatric and rehabilitative units. The normal length of stay in these places varies from a week to a year; the focus being on faster turnover in general. The shorter stays make it challenging and important for the art therapists in such settings, to modify and adapt their strategies, goals and group rules. All three articles deal with group art therapy and the modality used is visual art; drawing, sketching, painting (paper and textile) and murals. A typical session of art therapy is described by each author; detailing the method, modality, patients’ interpretation of the art work and discussion of the observations. The patient group in all three settings presented with various negative and positive symptoms as the result of psychoses, personality disorders, thought and mood disorders or abuse and self-harm. Some of the characteristics the therapists aimed to target were depression, aggression, hostility, and disorganization, poor sense of reality via distorted perception or object relation. Other personality traits that experienced a positive change were the patients’ self-esteem, confidence, and appetite and communicationShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Mental Illness3857 Words   |  16 Pagesof severe mental illness. Sometimes this mental illness can take the form of a personality disorder, which at present is considered incurable, or it can take the form of severe depression, for which there are currently many treatments. This paper aims to shed light as to how conditions beyond a person s control, such as mental illnesses like depression or personality disorders can cause these individuals to get into trouble with the law. Methods: Diagnosis and identification of mental conditionsRead MoreThe Canadian Mental Health Association1396 Words   |  6 PagesCanadian Mental Health Association estimates that 1 in 5 Canadians will develop a mental illness at some time in their lives.† Mental illness is defined as a mental pattern that causes an impaired ability to function normally in ordinary life. Mental illnesses can affect persons of any age, race, religion, or income and are not the result of personal weakness, lack of character or poor upbringing. A number of factors can contribute to whether an individual will develop a mental illness, with theseRead MoreMental Health : A Common Occurrence For People1622 Words   |  7 Pages MENTAL HEALTH (Name) (University) Mental Health Introduction It is a common occurrence for people to experience fear or sadness at one point in their lives. While this is acceptable dealing with fear or sadness has proven to be a challenging situation, calling for professional intervention. When fear or sadness becomes hard to deal with, people often use such diagnostic words as anxiety and depression. Apparently, anxiety and depression are the leading cause of global mental health problemRead MoreThe And Its Effects On Patients With Depression955 Words   |  4 Pagesserious illness and it was nothing to be ashamed of (Wolpert, 2001). Although something is said unintentionally a person with an illness will not know that and will take it in a different way. These can lead to a person feeling like they and/or their illness is not taken seriously or not being validated. Most likely this can lead to an individual not wanting to seek treatment because they have constantly heard their disorder is not a real concern as well as not wanting to seek treatment. Going backRead MoreThe Treatment Prospects For Schizophrenia1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe Treatment Prospects for Schizophrenia Cecilia Pivarunas Northern Virginia Community College Abstract Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can present in many different ways. Most often, symptoms display in a negative or positive manner. While medications are on the market to mitigate symptoms, the optimal treatment method couples both pharmaceutical and psychiatric rehabilitation. The Patient Outcomes Research Team, commonly called PORT, has issued treatment recommendations for SchizophreniaRead MoreThe Documentary True Life Aired Their Twelfth Episode On Season1463 Words   |  6 Pagestheir daily routines recording how this illness affect their lives and how they manage to handle their mental illness. Each one of them experiences this illness different and that influences their decisions on medical care and the way they interactions others and the outside world. Society often sees people that suffer from schizophrenia as weird and crazy. It is common for society to want to separate them out from the rest of society by putting them in mental hospitals. Joshua is a 25 year old fromRead More Treating Concurrent Disorders Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pages Mental health is being aware, accepting yourself, and striking a balance in all aspects of your life like social, spiritual, physical, economical, and mental (Association, 2001). Mental health can be described as our positive interactions with the context and events in our life, and having the ability to cope with life’s stressors. Mental health problems can begin at anytime during your life (CAMH, 2010). In fact anything can make it difficult for an individual’s ability to interact effectivelyRead MoreMental Illness: The Main Symptoms of Schizophrenia 1546 Words   |  7 Pages Mental illness is seen throughout society as a negative subject, many suffer through not only with the disorders but, also the shame that comes along. In this article we will look at one of the most severe mental disorders in hopes of achieving a better knowledge of the disorder and to debunk some of the misconceptions of having a mental disorder. Approximately fifty million Americans suffer from mental illness. Of those fifty million only about twenty-five percent seek help due to the stigmaRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Mental Illness Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesSchizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental illness that interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, manage emotions, decision making, and relate to others. It’s a long-term medical illness affecting 1% of Americans. The causes of schizophrenia include genetics, environment, brain chemistry, and substance abuse. Schizophrenia occurs roughly in 10%of people who have a first-degree relative with the disorder such as a parent or sibling. (NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness | What is SchizophreniaRead MoreThe Problem Of Self Diagnosis1180 Words   |  5 Pages The main problem of self-diagnosis is that one symptom of an illness may be linked to several types of conditions a person is not aware of. Not having a healthcare professional whether a doctor or psychiatrist to evaluate the illness. The result could be deadly consequences person’s well-being. There’s so many reasons why people would prefer to have an online consultation treat their illness and not have an actual doctor to evaluate their problems. Cyberchondria is the proper term for people who

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest free essay sample

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey is considered to be a outburst of social protest against the policies of government, and what really makes us humans sane or insane. The â€Å"system† known as our government suppresses the individual spirit and mandates that everyone must conform to his or her mold of a model citizen. Those who don’t fit this mold are filtered into the â€Å"asylum† and deemed as mentally ill. Kesey demonstrates this concept with examples, which include the symbol of Nurse Ratched, and those what happened to those who went against the system. In the novel, Nurse Ratched serves as a symbol for conformity. She is the head Nurse of the asylum, and is the main voice on who leaves, and what actions should be done to make them fit for society’s robotic world. In every aspect, she oozes conformity. Even her appearance fits the mold of what society wants. When McMurphy faced her with rebellion, Chief describes how well and calmly she handles it. â€Å"Her face is still calm, as though she had a cast made and painted to just the look she wants. Confident, patient, and unruffled. No more little jerk, just that terrible cold face, a calm smile stamped out of red plastic; a clean, smooth forehead, not a line in it to show weakness or worry†(Kesey 99). In this world, which seems almost parallel to our own, everyone that is socially accepted into this culture looks and acts exactly the same. The intentional reference to plastic and smoothness describes her as being robotic and not a true human. Her description brings up the discussion of who in this world is exactly as we would put it, â€Å"normal†? In this novel, Nurse Ratched is the â€Å"model citizen† and teaches the patients on how they need to act to be considered suitable in real life society. The message she brings to the patients is that anyone who is at the least bit different belongs in this hospital and should accept the fact that they are mentally ill. Nurse Ratched initiates her control in the asylum by having a specific regimen that everyone must follow. She believes that in order to properly function in a thriving society, everyone must do the exact same thing on a very strict schedule. When McMurphy goes against his daily working agenda, Nurse Ratched finally breaks and shows him her fury. â€Å"’You’re committed, you realize. You are†¦ under the jurisdiction of me†¦ the staff. ’ She’s holding up a fist, all those red-orange fingernails burning into her palm. ‘Under jurisdiction and control†(Kesey 125). The author’s use of metaphors is to highlight Nurse Ratched’s undying need for things to go according to the schedule. The syntax within this sentence also emphasizes how control is established in the asylum. Italicizing â€Å"control† shows how according to the Nurse, if a patient wants to get out and into the real world, it is understood they will blindly obey the strict rules established in the ward. This also emulates how society has no room for those that don’t fit the frame of a well functioning and developing world. When McMurphy swaggers his way onto the ward, he is like a beacon of hope to the patients. He shows them that being yourself is a better way of leading your life rather than coincide to the way that society believes you should be. He taught the men t not take life too seriously, and went against Nurse Ratched whenever he felt she was in the wrong. After the suicide of Billy Bibbit, McMurphy, out of rage strangles Nurse Ratched. But, while he was choking the life out of the one who has caused these men’s insanity, he realizes as the orderlies and nurses pull him away, that there is no way of beating the system. â€Å"A sound of cornered-animal fear and hate and surrender and defiance, that if you ever trailed coon or cougar or lynx is like the last sound the treed and shot and falling animal makes as the dogs get him, when he finally doesn’t care any more about anything but himself and his dying†(Kesey 275). This quote is the foreshadowing of the death and utmost defeat of McMurphy. He knows as soon as his hands wrapped around her neck, it was all over. McMurphy was soon called for a lobotomy, and then is when he lost all traces of his humanity. Even though his message of courage and what it takes to be a man lives within all the patients, he is then shown to the ward as a constant reminder of what happens when you break ward policy. Another example of this is when Chief describes to McMurphy what happened to his father. His family owned a large amount of land on an Native American Reserve, until the federal government came and seized it from his tribe to industrialize it into a proper town. The damage that had been done to his father, who was forced to live among societies rules, tore every last bit of his soul apart. â€Å"My papa was real big. He did like he pleased. That’s why everybody worked on him. The last time I seen my father he was blind in the cities from drinking and every time he put the bottle to his mouth, he don’t suck out of it, it sucks out of him. . . . I’m not saying they killed him. The just worked on him, the way they’re working on you†(Kesey 189). Chief uses the symbol of size to describe how much courage and manliness his father possessed. This is also an example of how his father, desperate to escape from the pressures of society, drank his sorrows away. He drank until he was blinded by the crimes the government had done on his people. McMurphy believed that alcoholism killed Bromden’s father, but Chief disagrees. He believed his father died because the repression that was forced upon him drained every bit of man he had left in him. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, the author uses strong doses of social commentary to make us see past this world we live in and see how insane we really are. Condemning people that are in any way unique to a facility that dehumanizes and put shame into men’s hearts only makes us look less sane and them less insane. Kesey uses examples such as Nurse Ratched, who represents the symbol of society, and what happens to those who go against authority and stay true to who they are. This novel was written so we can take a break and look past everything, and ask ourselves; what does it really mean to be insane?

Why some employees go to work when ill

While many organizations may be worried about absenteeism and its impact on the workplace, research has found that presenteeism is having a greater impact on the workplace (King 2012). Sickness presenteeism is a concept that refers to employees who attend work despite their ill health, or other factors that may distract them from being productive (Hansen and Andersen 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why some employees go to work when ill specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to a survey report by the Work Foundation, more than 40% of employees go to work when ill as a result of pressure from managers and co-workers (King 2012). Thus, though some employees may choose to come to work when ill, this may prove detrimental to a firm in the long run in terms of lower worker productivity, and increasing firm’s costs. This paper will look into the underlying factors that cause employees to go to work de spite their ill health, and what employers should do to manage sickness presenteeism. Individual and organizational factors have an impact on why employees may choose to go to work even when sick. To begin with, organizational culture barriers which may be in the form of norms, workplace ethics, and workplace culture play a key role in sickness presenteeism (Bratton and Gold 2012). In some firms, bosses may penalise their employees for taking any sick days off, or may in general discourage this even if the employees are entitled to these privileges. As a result, this puts pressure on employees to attend work in order to protect their jobs (Dew, Keefe and Small 2005). Low sickness pay is another policy that organizations apply, so as to decrease sickness absenteeism which give employees more reasons to go to work even when they are sick. One’s responsibility towards the team is also a key reason why employees may choose to go to work even when they are sick. Some employees tak e it upon themselves to ensure that they do not fail their team members on any assigned task (Collins and Cartwright 2012). As a result, they put upon themselves the self-pressure to show up at work so as to fulfill their responsibilities. Thus, the fear of letting down their team members, and receiving negative reactions from them puts pressure on employees to go to work even though they are sick (Aronsson and Gustafsson 2005). Fear of replaceability also contributes to employees going to work when they are sick. Many people get their source of income from their various jobs, and the thought of losing these jobs to someone else as a result of taking sick leave prevents them from just staying at home (Wynne-Jones et al. 2009). As a result, majority opt to work, regardless of their ailment in order to avoid being replaced which ultimately translates to job loss.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Employer expectations also contribute to the reason why employees still go to work even though they are sick. In many cases, employees do not want to appear less committed to their jobs, and thus, work to keep up with the employer’s expectations. In other cases, employers place a lot of pressure and expectations on their employees, and therefore, employees fear failing their superiors, and also fear receiving disciplinary action (Pauly et al. 2008). In addition, due to the expectations placed on them, employees place pressure on themselves even when there is little work to be done. This is meant to build a good impression in order to secure chances of retaining their jobs, if ever layoffs arise. Self denial is also another reason why employees go to work despite being sick. Some employees convince themselves that even though they are not feeling very well, they are still well enough to go to work, and to carry out their responsibilities (How to deal with pr esenteeism in the workplace 2013.) The impact of sickness presenteeism cannot be ignored as it leads to low work productivity. This may result in businesses incurring huge losses, which should be effectively dealt with to avoid such losses. Sickness presenteeism has various negative effects in an organization; apart from low quality performance, one is also exposed to the danger of injuring themselves as one is not always in the right state of mind (Hansen and Andersen 2008). This, in the long run, may lower employee motivation as the organization does not create an environment of satisfaction and commitment (Hansen and Andersen 2009). Organizational culture plays a very crucial role on how sickness presenteeism is managed in the workplace. Culture, in this case, pertains to the set norms, or the behavioral rules which are a reflection of the organization’s values. Managers should address the cultural issues of the organization, which may have an impact on sickness presenteei sm. By redefining certain rules and norms, this may dispel any fears that employees have if they go against certain norms, and they may be more at ease (Kessler and Stang 2006). Additionally, creating a more open culture will also enhance communication between the employer and the employees. As such, employees will be more at ease to discuss their health problems with their employers, and this may prevent sickness presenteeism which has negative impacts on workplace productivity. Managers should also work on promoting a healthy work-life in order to reduce cases of presenteeism. Employees should be encouraged not to over-work so as to reduce incidences of stress during working periods (Kessler and Stang 2006). Through this, they will be able to pay full concentration on their work, and consequently, yield positive results.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why some employees go to work when ill specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another strategy that managers should implement is monitoring presenteeism in the workplace. Usually, it is much easier to identify absence in the workplace rather than presenteeism. Managers should be more aware of the negative impact of presenteeism, and should lay keen emphasis on monitoring it. This can be done by carrying out regular performance reviews, and employee satisfaction surveys in order to identify any problems facing the employees. Organizational policies that punish employees for being absent due to illnesses, for example, by not giving them their full pay are the causes of presenteeism. Thus, employees prefer going to work even when sick to losing their full pay. Hence, managers should come up with fair and flexible policies, which will be lenient to employees, and which will in the long run minimize cases of sickness presenteeism (Pickett 2012). By implementing these effective policies, employees will not face too much pressure to come to work when t hey are sick. Conclusion Sickness presenteeism is a concept that can lead to disastrous effects on organizations, if left unattended. Managers should put in place effective HR policies which may deal with this issue, and ensure productivity on the part of the employees. Through this, organizations will cut on losses incurred as a result of sickness presenteeism, because presenteeism eventually leads to absenteeism. This robs the organization off key players in the workplace translating to losses. Thus, to ensure success, managers should focus on working with a healthy workforce. Reference List Aronsson, G Gustafsson, K 2005, ‘Sickness presenteeism: Prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research’, J Occup Environ Med, vol. 47, pp. 958-966. Bratton, J Gold, J 2012, Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice, 5thed, Palgrave Macmillan, UK. Collins, A Cartwright, S 2012, ‘Why come into work ill? Individual and organizational fac tors underlying presenteeism’, Employee Relations, vol. 34, no.4.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dew, K, Keefe, V Small, K 2005 ‘Choosing’ to work when sick: workplace presenteeism’, Soc Sci Med, vol. 60, pp. 2273-2282. Hansen, CD Andersen JH 2008, ‘Going ill to work – What personal circumstances, attitudes and work-related factors are associated with sickness presenteeism?’ Soc Sci Med, vol. 67, pp. 956-964. Hansen, CD Andersen, JH 2009, ‘Sick at work – a risk factor for long-term sickness absence at a later date’, Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, vol. 63, pp. 397-402. How to deal with presenteeism in the workplace 9 April 2013. Web. Kessler, RC Stang, PE 2006, Health and work productivity: Making the business case for quality health care,University of Chicago Press, Chicago. King, M 2012 ‘Work days lost to sickness’, The Guardian. Web. Pauly MV, Nicholson S, Polsky D, Berger ML Sharda C 2008, ‘Valuing reductions in on-the-job illness: Presenteeism from managerial and economic perspec tives’, Health Economics, vol. 17, pp. 469-485. Pickett, P 2012, The cost of presenteeism. Web. Wynne-Jones, G, Buck, R, Varnava, A, Philips, C Main, C.J 2009, ‘Impacts on work absence and performance: What really matters?’ Occupational Medicine, vol. 59, pp. 556-562. This essay on Why some employees go to work when ill was written and submitted by user Casey Carter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Autoparts Sales & Inventory Management Data Model

Abstract / Introduction: The selling of automotive aftermarket replacement parts is both a retail enterprise selling to consumers and a wholesale operation selling parts to repair shops and other resellers. In consideration of the diverse customer base, this data model will be developed so that sales of auto parts either retail or wholesale can be recorded and tracked electronically. In addition, stock inventory levels will be monitored electronically with this model and an automated stock replenishment mechanism implemented. Due to time constraints this model will be a stripped down version only pertaining to the sales and inventory functions. The current design does allow for further development and the addition of other components. Since the heart of an auto parts store is in its inventory of parts we will begin with an explanation of how the inventory is managed. By the use of the MinQuantity field in the Inventory table the system will be able to indicate a low stock level once the quantity in stock is equal to or less than the minimum quantity specified by the MinQuantity attribute. At this point a View for Inventory can be generated to display inventory items whose quantity levels are below their specified minimum. This Reorder_View can be used by the system to generate purchase orders to vendors whose contact data and address are stored in the table named ‘Vendor’. Just as the Inventory table contains all the attributes for any given part the Vendor tabled does the same for all vendors. To complete the description of the model that will be created we will now discuss the sales tracking process. Once a sale is made, a record of that sale is recorded in the Daily_Sales table. A transaction number to be associated with this sale will be generated then used as part of the identifier for this sale. The store number and part number are also part of this unique identifier. From this record a sales invoice/r... Free Essays on Autoparts Sales & Inventory Management Data Model Free Essays on Autoparts Sales & Inventory Management Data Model Abstract / Introduction: The selling of automotive aftermarket replacement parts is both a retail enterprise selling to consumers and a wholesale operation selling parts to repair shops and other resellers. In consideration of the diverse customer base, this data model will be developed so that sales of auto parts either retail or wholesale can be recorded and tracked electronically. In addition, stock inventory levels will be monitored electronically with this model and an automated stock replenishment mechanism implemented. Due to time constraints this model will be a stripped down version only pertaining to the sales and inventory functions. The current design does allow for further development and the addition of other components. Since the heart of an auto parts store is in its inventory of parts we will begin with an explanation of how the inventory is managed. By the use of the MinQuantity field in the Inventory table the system will be able to indicate a low stock level once the quantity in stock is equal to or less than the minimum quantity specified by the MinQuantity attribute. At this point a View for Inventory can be generated to display inventory items whose quantity levels are below their specified minimum. This Reorder_View can be used by the system to generate purchase orders to vendors whose contact data and address are stored in the table named ‘Vendor’. Just as the Inventory table contains all the attributes for any given part the Vendor tabled does the same for all vendors. To complete the description of the model that will be created we will now discuss the sales tracking process. Once a sale is made, a record of that sale is recorded in the Daily_Sales table. A transaction number to be associated with this sale will be generated then used as part of the identifier for this sale. The store number and part number are also part of this unique identifier. From this record a sales invoice/r...

How to Quit Your Job Professionally

How to Quit Your Job Professionally You’ve made plenty of mistakes; we all have. If you think about your entire career, the list can get pretty long. But there’s always the threat of making bigger mistakes, especially the kind you make by playing it just a little bit too safe. Are you feeling stuck in your job? Unsatisfied? Like the career you’ve always dreamed of keeps slipping further and further away? Convincing yourself to stay because it’s the path of least resistance can be the final nail in the coffin of your fulfillment.If you’re brave enough to take the leap and have decided to quit your job, remember these three things:Stretch OutIf you’re ready to make big, scary changes, you’re ready to be more flexible. In fact, you might have to be. Open yourself up to new positions and industries outside your comfort zone. Take a chance on yourself in the interests of your future.Pay it ForwardIf there’s something you don’t know how to do, something that†™s holding you back, take steps. Invest in yourself and in new skills that can take your career to the next level. A little passion and personal development now can pay off in the long run.Keep ConnectedYour current and past coworkers are the bottom of the pyramid. Maintain your relationships, build lasting connections, and never miss an opportunity to grow your network. You’ll never know when you will need it. The better you engage with your colleagues now, the better you’ll be equipped to engage with the people you meet in your next position.The bottom line is this: start behaving as though you already have your dream career, and it’ll be that much easier to step into it when you do find it.

Pros of Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros of Gay Marriage - Essay Example Being gay should not be a basis of discrimination, stigmatization or even denial of human rights of a person. Character of a person determines who he or she is and not his or her sexual orientation. Different arguments have been put forth by opponents of gay or same sex marriages in different parts of the world. Religion is the most used argument by opponents of gay marriages. According to beliefs ascribed by different religions, gay marriage amounts to immorality and sin to the deity. In this light, homosexuality is sin and morally wrong hence requires to be illegalized (Chauncey). Another argument put forward by opponents of gay marriages is that, marriage is supposed to lead to procreation so as to ensure continuity of life and family, however if same sex marriages were to be legalized, this would lead to a decrease in the number of children being born in the world. Traditionally, marriage has been defined as the union between a man and a woman. Inclusion or legalization of gay ma rriages would require a re-definition of marriage to include same sex marriages. The same would also be expected or included in the school curriculum forcing teachers to teach homosexuality in schools. This may lead to confusion concerning gender identity especially in young people (Sprigg). However, when viewed from other perspectives, gay marriage appears to be a natural part of human evolution.

Analytically writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analytically writing - Assignment Example t accepted cause behind this abrupt political change in the Arab Region is often considered as the peoples’ dissatisfaction, social media had played a crucial role in these uprisings in the Arab countries. Referring to the enormous role of internet and other social medias, Clay Shirky comments that â€Å"Social media have become coordinating tools for nearly all of the world’s political movements† (30). This assumption has been reflected thoroughly in the case of ‘Arab Spring’. In fact, the ‘Arab Spring’ was not any single event; rather it had been the climax of peoples’ discontent against the authoritarian and oppressive governments, which were mostly regimes in nature. Though peoples’ discontent with their political system reaches the climax during the 2010s, this discontent was fuming up through the preceding decades. Social media as well as other social communication networks help these people to take the manifestation of their dissatisfactions to the climax through an organized and unified effort. Social Medias like facebook, youtube, tumblr, twitter, etc helped those people to communicate, share and arrange the movements successfully. It is assumed that if peoples’ discontent had not ripened the background of the movement along the preceding decades, Social Medias themselves could not have staged the revolution. In this sense, social medias can be considered as sociopolitical tools which empower the mass with the awareness of the role of their political authorities in the betterment of public life. The assumption that ‘social medias’ are tools of peoples’ sociopolitical awareness is supported by Clay Shirky. In his article, referring to the ouster of Estrada Government through a violent public protest, Shirky claims that the â€Å"potential of social media lies mainly in their support of civil society and the public sphere –change measured in years and decades rather weeks and months† (30). It is assumed that social medias have played

Monopoly versus perfect markets Essay Example for Free

Monopoly versus perfect markets Essay This paper investigates the two extremes of market structures. A monopoly firm, and a firm which operates in a perfectly competitive market. We will compare features, similarities, differences, advantages and disadvantages. The monopoly firm I have chosen is Thames Water. This company is an accurate example, as it’s the sole supplier of the industry. The firm, is the industry. Thames Water supply water through peoples taps in and around London. Fyffe is my chosen firm in a perfectly competitive market. I think this is a good example. It sells bananas to supermarkets and food suppliers, who resell on to customers. The next two paragraphs explain the features of perfect competition, then a monopoly. â€Å"The theory of perfect competition illustrates an extreme form of capitalism. † (Sloman, 2007:113) There are many suppliers, who all only supply and produce a small fraction of the total output, of the whole industry. None of the firms have any power over the market. (Mankiw, 2001) Barriers to entry do not exist. Therefore firms can enter and leave the market freely. Apart from the money and time it takes to set up the business, there are no other obstacles. Both producers and consumers have perfect knowledge of the market. Therefore they both know prices which should be paid, quality which should be met, availability of the product. Market opportunities for expansion, and entry opportunities in the industry as a whole. The price Fyffe must charge for their bananas will depend upon the demand and supply of the whole market, not just Fyffe personal demand. Hence they have no power over prices. They must follow the market forces. (Sloman, 2007)Established firms in the banana industry have no advantage over firms who have newly entered the market. (Parkin, Powell, Matthews)â€Å"This means they can sell all the products they can produce at the market price, but none at a price which is higher. † (Sloman, 2007:114) If Fyffe raise their selling price above p1, their demand will drop to 0, because if Fyffe raise the price of their bananas, consumers will just buy from another firm selling at the current market price. Illustrated in diagram 2. (Beardshaw, 2001) All firms operating in the banana industry sell a homogenous product, all the firms in the industry sell an identical banana. The theory states there is not a great need for advertising or branding. (McConnell, 2008) I would agree with this statement in the context of bananas. Advertising is not needed as people will not look for a specific brand of banana. They all taste the same. However I think a firm in a market selling shampoos and conditioners would need a certain amount of branding and advertising so people choose their product and gain customer loyalty. In the shampoo industry products are not as homogenous. A pure monopoly owns 100% of the industry. Thames water have a great deal of power, and are price makers, thus they set the price to how much they want to charge. If the consumer cannot, or doesn’t want to pay the price, they have to go without the tap water. In the short run both perfect competition and monopolies can make economic profits, losses and supernormal profits. Only monopolies can manage to sustain super normal profits in the long run. â€Å"Persistant economic profits are called monopoly profits. † (Dobson, 2005:99) Monopolies can sustain supernormal profits and remain safe and unaffected by competition due to barriers to entry. Supply to the industry does not increase with new entrants. (Hunt, 1990). There are many types of barriers to entry. Thames water is known as a natural monopoly, meaning there are barriers to entry due to large economies of scale. (Sloman, 2007) Capital equipment is so expensive and large scale that only one sole supplier could manage to make a profit in the water industry. However Thames Water incurred low marginal costs once they are set up. â€Å"If average cost falls as output increases over the entire range of market demand its a natural monopoly. † (Dobson, 2006:100) â€Å"Each would have a very high average cost at a low output. † (Begg, 2005:134) Correspondingly Thames Water gain barriers to entry through lower costs. This is an artificial barrier. The firm is experienced in their field. Has good knowledge of their market, and will be able to gain the best rates of interest on finance, the best suppliers at the lowest costs, and lean methods of production. Other firms would struggle to compete. If a firm decided to set up and compete with Thames Water, and failed by going out of business there would be huge sunk costs. This occurs when high amounts are spent on capital expenditure, which cannot be used on another business venture. (Sloman, 2007) This is an example of exit costs. It would be a huge loss to the firm, and would discourage firms from entering the market. Thames water also have patents copywrite and licensing. The next two paragraphs explain the effect on demand for perfect competition, then a monopoly. For Fyffe the price charged for the bananas is equal to marginal revenue. Average revenue and demand are also equal to price. If average cost dips below average revenue the firm will earn supernormal profits. If demand is above where marginal costs and marginal revenue meet the firms will be making normal profit. See diagram 2. Normal profits cover opportunity costs of the owners money and time. If Fyffe set output below equilibrium marginal cost would exceed marginal revenue and profit would be lowered. If Fyffe raised output above equilibrium marginal costs would exceed marginal revenue and profits would also be lowered. See graph 1. (Dobson, 2005:99) The demand curve is elastic for the banana industry, but not perfectly elastic. Hence why it slopes downwards in diagram 1. If there is a rise in price for bananas, consumers will spend less on the product, and Fyffe will entail a fall in revenue. In contrast if the price of bananas drop, consumers will buy more of the product, and providing the firm is covering their costs they will receive an increase in revenue, because bananas can be relatively easily substituted by another cheaper fruit. Furthermore bananas will sell for a cheaper price when they are in season, due to a larger supply to the market in this period. Fyffe is perfectly elastic which is why their demand curve is horizontal. See graph 2. The firms prices are not affected by their output and their decisions do not affect the industry. (Ison, 2007) Firms must produce at equilibrium to maximise profits, which is where the market supply, meets the market demand, as illustrated in diagram 1. Short run â€Å"assumes the number of firms in the industry does not increase, as there is not enough time. † (Sloman 2007:114) When a firm produces quantity and price, where marginal costs, and average costs meet they are breaking even. See diagram 2. (Begg, 2005) Consumers are charged a price which is equal to what it costs the firm to produce the extra unit. See diagram 2. If the demand curve for bananas increases short term, the demand curve will shift to the right. See diagram 3. This results in a higher equilibrium and a higher selling price. As selling price has increased farmers will raise their output by increasing their variable costs such as labour and materials. This will result in a larger profit and profits are maximised. As illustrated in diagram 4. In contrast if the demand for bananas was to decrease, this would cause a shift to the left in the demand curve. See diagram 5. This results in a lower equilibrium for the industry, and a fall in the selling price. Consequently all firms in the industry including Fyffe would reduce output, by decreasing variable factors and the firm would suffer economic losses. As illustrated in diagram 6. (Dobson, 2005) If Fyffe or Thames Water are not covering their average total costs in the short run, they should carry on trading, but if they are not covering their short run average variable costs, it would be cheaper to temporarily close down. The theory is known as the short run supply decision. (Ison, 2007) In the long run any firm should close down if it is not covering its total average costs as it is loss making. Called the long run supply decision. (Begg, 2003) When demand increases and selling prices rise in the long term, existing firms are making supernormal profits. Several new firms will enter the market. The supply curve will shift to the right, and supply will increase, which will lower market price. As more new industries join firms reduce their output until they are making a normal profit again. Output of the whole industry will be larger now that more firms are in the market, and there is no incentive for firms to enter, or leave the market as breakeven profits are being made. Referred to as the entry or exit price. When there is a decrease in demand, prices will fall, and firms will reduce output to minimise losses. Eventually due to losses some firms will leave the market which lessens supply and the supply curve will shift to the left. This raises prices due to restricted output, and farmers will start to make normal profits again. So there are less firms and less output in the industry. (Dobson, 2005) In the long run there are no fixed costs in any industry, as firms can change their plant size or machinery. Resulting in a long run supply curve which is flatter than the short run. (Begg, 2003) If all firms operating in the industry restricted supply together increasing demand and prices, new firms would enter the market which would increase supply and lower prices. (Begg, 2005) Thames water are price inelastic, and have a low income elasticity of demand, because there are no close substitutes for their product, and water is a essential item. However they are not perfectly inelastic, as a rise in price will still amount to a small drop in quantity demanded. This means Thames water’s revenue will increase with a rise in price, and decrease with a fall in price. A profit maximising level of output is where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost but rising up to the demand curve to obtain price. See diagram 9 (Sloman, 2007) The demand curve in diagram 9 represents the value of Thames water to customers, and the marginal curve shows the costs Thames water must pay. The marginal revenue curve must lie below the downward sloping demand curve as marginal revenue is less than price. The further the distance between the demand curve on the right hand side and the marginal revenue on the left the more inelastic the demand, see diagram 9. (Dobson, 2005) ) A firm cannot produce to the right of marginal revenue as this part of the diagram is inelastic. In order for the monopolist to sell a larger amount, the price must be lowered on all previous units, so to prevent this the monopolist may restrict output to keep a larger revenue. Creating scarcity and raising the equilibrium price. (Begg, 2005) â€Å"The excess of price over marginal costs shows the monopolies power† (Dobson, 2005:102) The power to raise prices by selling a smaller amount of output. Diagrams 8, 9, and 10 show long run economic profits, normal profits and losses. Thames water will then check weather the profit maximising level of output covers their total costs in the long run and variable costs in the short run. (Begg, 2003) Thames water is not a contestable market due to the fact it’s a natural monopoly, and has very high barriers to entry. This means they can charge high prices and make supernormal profits, without the threat of competition and new entrants. (Sloman, 2007) Thames water may want to behave ethically when setting prices. If they choose too high a price which people cannot afford this could lead to poverty, but if they charge too low a price this could lead to a wastage of water. Monopolies often use price discrimination when setting prices. Although Thames water do not. Perfect competition cannot use this method. Particular consumers are charged a higher price for an identical service so the monopoly can earn higher profits. (Ison, 2007) Revenue is not lost from previously sold units when price is reduced. More output can be sold ands firms can catch some of their consumer surpluses. See diagram 12. â€Å"Surpluses are the difference between actual price paid and what consumers will have been willing to pay. † â€Å"So the business is treating the demand curve as the marginal revenue curve† (Ison, 2007:138) Only works when consumers cannot buy the product for a cheaper price and sell on to others. (Begg, 2005) A firm operating in perfect competition will achieve allocative efficiency. This exists when price is equal to marginal costs. â€Å" Society is better off when resources are allocated to maximise the total surplus in the market. † (Dobson, 2005:91) Productive efficiency will also be achieved, meaning Fyffe will produce and sell their output for the lowest price they can in the long run giving consumers the best possible value for money. â€Å"Price equals minimum average total cost. † (Dobson, 2005:92) This is good for consumers and society as consumers get the best possible value for money. (Sloman, 2007) Perfectly competitive markets are critised for having a lack of variety, unable to fully satisfy consumers wants and needs. Furthermore the long term entry and exit of firms can be a waste of certain resources such as empty buildings. This is called competitive forces in action. (Dobson, 2005) Monopoly’s are in a position to give us a lower price if they decide to, due to economies of scale. The marginal cost curve is lower than the supply curve in their graph which means the firm can supply more output at a lower production cost. Supernormal profits can fund research and development which will improve the quality of the product. Therefore the monopoly can innovate and introduce new products. (Ison, 2007) However some firms may not do this as they do not need to fight to stay in the industry, with no competition around. (Mankiw, 2001) Joseph Schumpeter said in theory monopolies have more ability and incentive to innovate which can make them better for society. If you imagine a whole industry was taken over by a monopolist, they could eliminate competition and charge very high prices, by reducing output level to which raises price. Supernormal profits represent a redistribution of income from consumer to producer which can be critised on equity grounds† (Ison, 2007:137) Monopoly firms have been known to â€Å"engage in dirty tricks to protect themselves from competition. † They do not produce an output which minimises average costs. Making them productively efficient. â€Å"Perfect competition is rare due to larger companies expanding, gaining economies of scale and market power. Resulting in other firms being forced of the business. So if economies of scale did not exist any industry could have perfect competition. † (Dobson, 2006:94) Monopolies are also rare, and both are extremes of market structures. Most firms lie somewhere between the two. I think the two firms I picked are a fair comparism. They are both from a mixed economy. Thames water will have regulating agencies monitoring them. There are only 3 legal monopolies in Britain Thames Water included. In the past there was a significant amount of monopolies which were government owned. When Margaret Thatcher came into power she privitised these firms as she believed competition would lead to greater efficiency and lower prices which would benefit society as a whole. I agree with her decision and I think after researching, perfect competition appears to be the better option for consumers. Monopolys benefit society in certain situations such as retained profits ploughed back into research and development for medical reasons, and natural monopolies who could not survive in a perfectly competitive industry. Monoplies and perfect competition are becoming more rare as time goes on and who knows what will happen in the future.

Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Teaching Teachers Education Learning Essays

Philosophy of Education It has taken me many years to decide on what profession that I want to pursue. I enlisted for four years in the Air Force and enjoyed this very much, but the time away from my family was too much. After getting out of the Air Force, I decided I wanted to go into the financial arena and started selling insurance for New York Life Insurance Company. I did not have the personality to sell life insurance for this involved being really pushy. Later I found what I thought was the perfect job, assistant manager at a credit union. I still was not happy. While all these career changes were going on, I was coaching a club soccer team consisting of high school boys. This gave me the vision of what I really wanted to do, become a teacher. The biggest reason why I want to become a teacher is that a teacher has the ability to influence and shape the future Albert Einstein, Bill Gates, or just the average Joe down the street. We all can remember that one teacher who shaped or changed our lives as we progressed through our schooling and what better way to honor them than by trying the accomplish the same things they did for us. This is a very powerful ability to possess and while your influential you must not let your prejudices interfere with the rounding of the student. What important qualities will I need to possess to be an effective high school teacher? I will need to have patience as I already see how important this is with my own daughter. Intelligence is important in your area of expertise because students will be able to tell if you know what you are teaching. Honesty with students because this will build trust among the students and yourself. Sharing life experiences with your students is important because this also builds trust among yourself and the students. Being well organized is another quality that must possess and at this time I need work in this area. Caring is an important quality because sometimes we forget that our students are human and has ideas and opinions of their own. Being fun and interesting builds wonderful memories and helps the students learn. My goals as a teacher include the things above, but also many more. First and foremost I want to receive my master’s degree, but while doing this I also want to be teaching in a high school.

Mensa Strategy Essay

A five-year strategic plan Mensa has been engaged with the various businesses, which include; packaging, forest products, energy and financial services businesses. There is a lot of change on multiple levels of the company which is necessary for Mensa to achieve profitability. This strategic plan will provide the correct direction to the business to achieve this goal. Mensa will need to implement a variety of different techniques in order to become a successful growing business. Without the changes outlined in this strategic plan, the company faces significant financial distress. Mensa’s Financial Services Business This business provides insurance, mortgage loan, real state financial services and consultancy services to its customers. It was not a huge business but the management had done a good job with cash flow and profitability for the size of the business. They had proven their know how by selecting target markets and avoiding any serious head-to-head competition with competitors, this helped in creating a bright outlook for this section of Mensa’s business. Therefore, it will be better for the firm to expand this business. I recommend increasing the size of the operation. In order to be able to increase the sales and returns within this sector, there needs to be capital investment. I agree with the outlook, the firm should invest $250,000,000 initially and could increase it to $300,000,000 in the following 5-7 years, with a decrease to $100,000,000 a year at that time. This will generate $200 million to $300 million for the business, at the end of the investment period. Although this will be a lot of upfront investment, the huge increase in profitability will be worth the money spent. Increasing the size of this sector of the business is a good move for the company, which will provide them with a significant amount of returns. Mensa’s Energy Business Mensa energy division deals with the exploration, development and production of the oil and gas. Acquisition of EasyGas Energy was beneficial to the firm, as it was the sole supplier of natural gas to Florida. This business has strong position in some segments; the demand for oil and gas would be increased by next years, annual prices for oil and gas will also increase.  The consultant felt that demand and supply picture is increasing and would be favorable for those firms that had developed the business earlier. However, according to the consultant, it would not be favorable to invest more in exploration and production, so Mensa should expand this business through intensification strategy. As the production would peak from 2002 to 2010, they advised that their existing reserves and the land they own would only increase in value over time, even though Mensa could never grow to be competitive within this industry due to the size of their existing competitors. The Florida pipeline in this sector is a significant tool for improvement in profits, as the cash flow for this business was estimated to increase $100million to $300million in year 5. For exploration and production division, if divestment strategy is followed then the division could be sold for $1,560,000,000 at present and it will be increased up to $2,000,000,000 within 5 to 6 years. The profits would be increased by 8-10%, with a focus on building supplies of both oil and gas. Mensa’s packaging business Mensa’s packaging business had three major markets; Food and Beverage, Specialty Packaging, and International. This sector was economically sensitive, as it was difficult to build any competitive advantage. This packaging business would be very expensive as customers’ required new technologies that led to higher charges while customers create serious pressure to reduce prices, and Mensa’s technology was already outdated. The consultant also felt that profitability would decline over the next several years in the packaging division, and would be negative $100,000,000 in year 6 and declining by 20% each year thereafter. With this being said, it is better to shut down this business. It would bring about $1,200,000,000 which is approximately 70% of book value. In this business, the potential for improvement was very low, due to the high customer demands and the fact that there wasn’t much the Mensa could do to gain a competitive advantage. Given that this is t he case, it is in Mensa’s best interest to sell off the packaging portion of its company to save itself from future negative cash flows. Mensa’s forest product division The forest product division of the Mensa has suffered poor preventive  maintenance practices and inadequate training of the employees; this had a negative impact on production. The forest production division contains two plants, the paperboard and the timber plant. In the paperboard division, Mensa’s competitors were building new plants that would produce higher quality products at a lower cost. This caused to decline in profitability and along with return on investment. The cash flows for this sector would go negative for next six years. Consultants felt that the range for negative cash flows would be $100,000,000 to $125,000,000. They also valued the company at $600,000,000 if it were to be sold today. In the timber plant, there was low level of price fluctuations due to the nine holdings which Mensa owned. This is a valuable asset for them. Although the business had competitors in a large number and faced tough competition, there were chances to increase profits. The value of assets would increase by 20% over the next six years and then by 60% in the following ten years. As the firm has a good amount of holdings within this sector, which helps them resist large fluctuations in costs, it would be a good business move for them to remain within this sector at least as a timber holder. In order to continue to be successful at either plant, Mensa would need to increase employee training and maintenance standards, to reduce the negative impact on production. Recommendations I recommend that Mensa utilizes a variety of strategies to help increase profitability. First of all, they need to expand their financial services division as this will generate large amounts of profits. This profitability created, will be used to invest in other divisions within Mensa. The energy sector of the company, will expand the Florida pipeline as this is a low investment dollar figure for the company, and has huge returns that will continue to increase over time as gas prices increase. This sector should also stop investment in exploration and production as it will create large negative cash flows for approximately the first nine years. The packaging business is possibly the most detrimental division at Mensa. It has faced multiple problems and has negative cash flows, with this being said it is in Mensa’s best interest to dissolve this portion of the company. Forest product business includes different products and there is a need to apply stability strategy so to improve functional performance. There is a lot of  training that needs to be conducted within this sector to increase production and therefore profitability.

Health and Safety Requirements and Hydrogen

Hydrogen production by methane-steam formation posses great challenges of hundreds of hazards related to its employees, as well, as machineries. The paper will try to identify and analyze different hazards and risks that are associated with the production of hydrogen element through methane steam formation. Moreover, the paper will present implications and measures for the safety of the machineries, as well as, employees working in these production facilities. In the methane storage, it has been observed that the storage tank often breaks up and cracks can be observed in the tank, which may expose methane steam resulting in the environmental risk. In this regard, an effective step that can overcome this problem is the designing of drainage systems can tolerate total capacity of the tank, which may reduce the leftover in the environment. Sometimes, storage tank of the methane catches up fire, which is a very dangerous hazard for the employees that are working in the surrounding environment, as well as, for the machineries and equipments that are built at the location. In this regard, designing of the tank should be created in such a way that fire exposure may be tolerated for at least two hours, which may allow the rescue and fire brigade services to overcome the fire problem. (NRC, pp. 40-42, 2003) Secondly, such production facilities should be employed with flame arrestor that may help in identifying flame at the beginning. Moreover, storage tanks must have double walls, which may result in avoidance of their cracking, as well as, avoid the risks of any fire in the tank. Thirdly, MSR Unit during the production of hydrogen with the help of methane steam forming confronts leakage of methane or water that reacts with the hot oil system built in the vaporizer. In the result, materials and equipments are damaged with the confrontation of methane with the hot oil, which may result in heavy losses of the equipments, and burning risks for the employees. In this regard, quantity of the water, as well as, methane should be checked at regular intervals. In addition, quality of these compounds should also be verified by the experts that may help in the reduction of such risk during the production of hydrogen. Lastly, atmosphere confronts leakage of different gases like H2, CO, CO2, etc. during the production of hydrogen, which may result in the exposure of toxicity with the employees and workers in the installation facilities. Some of the major hazards of these gases leakage are fire, burning, environmental hazards, health risks, etc. In this regard, the abovementioned is one of the most dangerous hazards that are linked with the production of hydrogen. In extreme cases, such leakages end up in explosions that may cause human lives. Such extreme cases have been noted in the plants that are built under a container. Therefore, it should be noted that segmentation valve should be built in isolation, and away from the other processes of the hydrogen production. Different equipments should be built for the detection of gases leakage, especially the CO leakage that plays the major role in the adverse effects. Furthermore, depressurization process should be performed at a faster pace, which may take less time, and result in the less risks. (ICE, pp. 23-25, 2006) During the hydrogen production by the reformation of methane, it has been observed that reformers are often exposed with ruptures due to the development of a hotspot in the tubes of reformers. One of the major reasons of development of a hotspot is the catalyst of reformer that is deactivated due to the poisoning by methane element. Such ruptures and breakages result in the damages of equipments, materials, and the environment. Such breakage is often observed in the production unit of such procedure. After the detailed analysis of safety requirements in such process, it has been observed that supplier of the methane should be provided with complete requirements of the compound in terms of its quality. Secondly, upstream reformer should be pre-reformed in this production unit, which may result in the reduction of chances of development of any hotspots in the reformers. (Johansson, pp. 56-58, 1993) Another risk that has been associated with the production of hydrogen with the methane steam formation is the leakage of flammable gases that causes human lives, as well as, damages of the equipments in the facilities. Such hazards become extreme when the plant is manufactured in the container, which results in the more adverse effects. In this regard, safety-related bodies have advised that equipments for the detection of gas leakages should be installed at the production plant. Such equipments help in the opening of ventilations during emergencies, as well as, close the segmentation valves automatically. Thus, these detection products play a crucial role in saving human lives and damage losses of the machineries. Secondly, it should be noted that segmentation valves are built outside the container, in order to acquire ventilation naturally, as it has been observed that the valves built inside the container are more vulnerable to the abovementioned hazards. Fletcher, pp. 68-70, 1998) Moreover, installation area should be cordoned off at the time of unloading of the methane from the truck, and only required personnel should stay at the location, which may result in the risk of less number of human lives. Furthermore, external impact can be avoided by the accurate designing of filling hose, which may result in the ad verse results. In addition, it should be taken into consideration that rupture valves should be checked on a regular basis. It should be noted that a warning system in case of any exposure should be evaluated by the production facilities at regular intervals. All these steps and measures can result in the reduction and elimination of hazards and risks that are associated with the production of hydrogen with the utilization of methane compound. During the production of hydrogen with the utilization of methane steam formation, the experiments have shown that when the storage tank is filled with methane, toxic heavy gas is exposed in the surroundings due to leak in the filling hose of methane compound. This leakage does not occur every time, but it poses great hazards for the employees working in this processing unit. It has been observed that employees working around these installations often end up in adverse health, and awful death in extreme cases. In this regard, some of the measures that can be taken for avoiding this hazard during the compound filling from the truck are that pressurized methane compound should be avoided at the time of its transportation, and refrigerated liquefied compound should be used that may poses less risk of any toxic exposure in the surroundings. (Vincoli, pp. 44-47, 1997) Sometimes, faults of valves or humans effects the ruptures in the pipe due to the pressure explosion during the production. Such effects results in the damages of equipments, as well as, workers that are employed in the surroundings. In this regard, appropriate material should be selected for the manufacturing of production plant, which may reduce the risks. Secondly, designing of the steam and cooler should be improved with the help of detailed analysis. Moreover, requirements of control system should be provided to the suppliers in details according to the regulations that may help in the effective production of hydrogen with fewer chances of hazardous risks. (OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, pp. 55-57, 2001) Conclusion Conclusively, significant hazards and risks associated with the production of hydrogen by the utilization of methane steam formation have been identified, discussed, and analyzed in this paper. In addition, safety requirements that should be imposed against the discussed hazards have been provided in the paper. More information can be attained by performing detailed analysis of these risks. Some of the common hazards that have been noted in the hydrogen production through methane steam formation are gas leakages due to high pressures and different ruptures in the equipments and machineries. In this regard, manufacturers of the hydrogen-producing machineries confront great challenges in terms of the discussed hazards in this paper. Lastly, further research is required in the subject that may facilitate the hydrogen producers in overcoming and reduction of the hazards and risks associated with the production of hydrogen. It is hoped that the paper will be beneficial for students, teachers, and professionals in the better understanding of hazards associated with the hydrogen production through methane steam formation, as well as, safety requirements and implications that have been advised by the safety-related organizations.

Wreak and Pique Revisited

Wreak and Pique Revisited Wreak and Pique Revisited Wreak and Pique Revisited By Maeve Maddox A plaintive email from a reader has prompted this post on these two misused and abused rhyming verbs: A new civil trialis poised to wreck havoc on the 100-year-old institutions reputation. Shouldnt that be wreak? And shouldnt My interest was peaked be My interest was piqued†? I see that everywhere it seems. Though peaked might be an okay substitute- it sort of means something similar. 1. Yes, the phrase should be â€Å"to wreak havoc.† 2. No, peaked is not an okay substitute for piqued. In modern usage, wreak [REEK] is a transitive verb usually followed by a limited number of object words that include vengeance, havoc, and damage. Storms are the most common wreakers. The past tense form is wreaked [REEKT]. Here are some examples of wreak being used correctly: Tropical storm Arthur expected to wreak havoc on East Coast Storms wreaking havoc across UK Northeasters also wreaked damage in 1991 and 1992. January Jones Discusses Wreaking Vengeance in the Sundance Film ‘Sweetwater’ The word pique [PEEK], as both noun and verb, has more than one meaning. The verb’s most common use is in the sense of stimulate or arouse. The past form is piqued [PEEKT]. Here are some examples in which the verb is spelled correctly: The request piqued my interest and I began what has become a continuing search for documentaries relating to the Comanches. Foreign cricket players hope to pique Lebanese interest New Study Provides Insight into How Piquing Curiosity Changes Our Brains It’s not surprising when entertainment site comments and self-published novels contain errors like these: I still have the feeling that Stavros is alive and the two of them will connect and reek havoc on Pt. Charles. It’s my understanding that you have been using him to wreck vengeance on the descendants of the clergy, and soldiers of New France because of some perceived wrong doing [sic]. I thought [Grimm] was ok. Ill probably keep watching, but the pilot didnt peak my interest right from the start. As one does expect news sources and professional publications to use words correctly, the following errors are less tolerable: Gov. Martin OMalley declared a state of emergency one day before a winter  storm  is  expected to wreck havoc  in Maryland- Baltimore Post Examiner. If  they  come from violent and abusive homes, children learn to be violentwill grow up to  wreck vengeance  on themselves and those around  them.- Social justice site. Four houses destroyed by fire and lightning as the weekends thunderstorms wrecked havoc across Britain- Daily Mail. Extremely high rain soaked [sic] winds wrecked havoc by downing trees and disrupting schools and traffic in the Bay Area- ABC News. All the teachers are engaging and do their best to peak the interest of the student.- Site advertising private school in Washington DC. Though we were enjoying a near perfect day in Oakland, hearing the name Birmingham not only peaked his interest but also placed him back on the Jim Crow bus system in Alabama.- Huffington Post columnist. Misspelling pique is perhaps more understandable than misspelling wreak because peak, peek, and pique are all pronounced the same. Pronunciation offers no excuse for mixing up wreak [REEK] and wreck [REK], however. Bottom line: Speakers who care about the language don’t require excuses for misspelling words they use in daily speech. They learn the differences. Related posts: Wreck, Wreak, and Other [rek/reek] Words Reeking and Wreaking Please, Let Your Interest Be Piqued Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About TalkingDo you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?1,462 Basic Plot Types

Blooms Taxonomy - Application Category and Examples

Blooms Taxonomy s Bloom’s Taxonomy  was developed by educational theorist Benjamin Bloom in the 1950s.  The taxonomy, or levels of learning, identify different domains of learning including: cognitive (knowledge), affective (attitudes), and psychomotor (skills).   Application Category Description The application level is where the student moves beyond basic comprehension in order to begin to apply what they have learned. Students are expected to use concepts or tools they have learned in new situations in order to show that they can use what they have learned in increasingly complex ways The use of Blooms Taxonomy in planning can help to move students through the different levels of cognitive development. When planning learning outcomes, teachers should reflect on the different levels of learning. Learning increases when students are introduced to course concepts and then given opportunities to practice applying them. When students apply an abstract idea to a concrete situation to solve a problem or relate it to prior experience, they are showing their level of proficiency at this level. To make sure that students show they can apply what they learn, teachers should:   Provide opportunities for the student to use ideas, theories, or problem-solving techniques and apply them to new situations. Review the student’s work to ensure that he/she is using problem-solving techniques independently. Provide questions that require the student to define and solve problems. Key Verbs in the Application Category apply. build, calculate, change, choose, classify, construct, complete, demonstrate,  develop, examine, illustrate, interpret, interview, make, make use of, manipulate, modify, organize, experiment with, plan, produce, select, show,  solve, translate, utilize, model, use. Examples of Question Stems for the Application Category These question stems will help teachers develop assessments that allow students to solve problems in situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques, and rules, perhaps in a different way. How would you make use of ____?How does ____ apply to ____?How would you modify ____?What approach would you use to†¦?Could this have happened in...?Under what conditions would you ____?How could you apply what you have read to construct ____?Do you know another instance where...?Can you group by characteristics such as...?Identify the results if ____?Why does ____ work?What questions would you ask for...?How would you use the facts to investigate ____?Using what you know, how would you design ____?Utilize ____ to ____.Illustrate a way to ____.What elements would you use to change†¦?Is there a way to demonstrate ____?What questions would you ask during ________?Predict what would happen if ____?How would you organize _______ to show†¦?What would result if ____?Is there another way you could plan to†¦?What facts would you select to show†¦?Would this information be useful if you had...?Can you apply the method used to some experience of your own...?Show me a wa y to organize ____.Can you make use of the facts to†¦? Using what you have learned, how would you solve ____?What factors would you change if...? From the information given, can you develop a set of instructions about...?How would you solve ___ using what you’ve learned†¦?How would you show your understanding of†¦?What examples can you find to†¦?How would you apply what you learned to develop†¦? Examples of Assessments That Are Based onthe Application Level of Bloom’s Taxonomy The category of application  is the third level of the Bloom’s taxonomy pyramid. Because it is just above the comprehension level, many teachers use the level of application  in performance-based activities such as those listed below.   Make a storyboard for a film on a book you are reading.Create a script from the book you are reading now; act out a part of the story.Plan a party that one of the main characters would enjoy attending: plan the menu, and activities or games you want to have at the party.Create a scenario in which a character in the story reacts to a problem in your school; write about how he or she would handle the situation differently.Reimagine the characters in a story as a human, animal, or thing.Teleport (space travel) the main character to a new setting.(Re)write lyrics to a ballad for a story you are reading.Construct a model to demonstrate how it will work.Create a diorama to illustrate an important event.Make a yearbook entry for a character you are studying.Stage a tableau of a famous event.Invite famous people to an imaginary dinner and create the seating plan.Make up a board game using the ideas from the study area.Design a market strategy for a character doll.  Create a brochure for a country. Write a textbook about... for others.

Economics of State and Local Governments Research Paper

Economics of State and Local Governments - Research Paper Example ative inflation period during the same period, which stood at 9.06 percent, calculated by using consumer price indices for January 2013 and January 2009 (Griender). The Texas government applies sales and use taxes at the final points of sale. Consumers are taxed for the goods and services they purchased outside Texas and used within the state of Texas. The sales and use tax is the highest tax revenue for the Texas government. In the fiscal year 2014, the Texas government collected approximately $19 billion in state sales taxes. Texas charges an average tax of 6.25% for all foods (Griender). The government set the rate in the year 1990, and there have not been any changes in the rates since then. Cities, transit systems, districts in the state and counties may impose the local taxes, which may be up by another 2 %. Majority of Texas residents pay total sales taxes of 8.5%. There are, however, many goods that are exempted from this tax. These commodities include motor vehicles, crude oil, mixed drinks, insurance premiums, and aviation fuel. This is because these items are taxed under other provisions. The Texas state aims at increasing sales tax revenue and removing the exemptions. The government also puts various measures to improve collections. Some of these measures include examination of funds from sales tax, tightening the eligibility for exemptions as well as scrutinizing applications for tax refunds on items meant to be tax-free. Texas state government collects various fees that are charged to people operating motor vehicles within the state. The largest source of these records revenues is the car registration fees and permits, which are meant for special vehicles such as vehicles with excess weight and size. Motor vehicle fees generate about $2.4 billion in a fiscal year (Griender). The 82nd legislature has powers to consider proposals that aim at increasing the motor vehicle registration fees. According to estimates from the Texas Transportation

Case study assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment - Case Study Example Although it will be uncomfortable to call the Vice President of Engineering and inform him concerning the potential problems/delay, oversight with regard to this issue is fundamental if the correct seris of choices will be made as the deadline for this project nears. Moreover, another rational for this response to be put forward by this student has to do with the fact that if the situation escalates, the Vice President of Engineering alongside many other high profile individuals within the company will be irate with regard to the fact that this issue was not brought to their attention prior to it causing a work stoppage or hardships/ill will/or even legal trouble between the producer and the client. Unfortunately, even though the Vice President will be upset with regard to the fact that this issue threatens to derail the timeline that was already delayed, seeking to be forthcoming with respect to this issue is ultimately the best approach. B) Option B does presents Tim with the possibility of including old components as a function of meeting the Vice President’s directions to merely â€Å"get the stuff done†; however, the best approach within situation A & B is to seek to return to the production line and finish the products utilizing newly crafted components and hoping that the impurity levels will be low enough to pass quality control. C) In the case that Arnold is out of town when Tim calls him, it is incumbent upon him to attempt to reach out to him on an emergency contact number or to escalate this situation to the next layer of management. Although it is true that Tim will be uncomfortable with going up the chain of command higher and higher, the need to do this so that further heartache with respect to the production process and customer dissatisfaction will not occur in the future. Explaining the situation from the very beginning is the best way to

Eastern Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Eastern Philosophy - Essay Example The word Buddha refers to ‘the awakened one’ who has been enlightened. The philosophy of the Buddhist is that every on stands a potential of Buddhahood whether aware or unaware. Though this religious believe traces its origin among the Hindus, its fundamental believes are different from that of the Hindu. According to the Hindu, Buddhism is viewed as unorthodox (nastika). The history of this religion can be traced back in the early 566 B.C. through the royalty prince Siddhartha Gautama. Being a son to Indian Warrior-King, Gautama (the founder of Buddhism) led a very extravagant life from childhood to adulthood following the privileges associated with the uppers caste of prince-hood . When prince-hood living proved boring, he went off his way in search of understanding. In his external search, Gautama was finally made to believe that suffering awaits come end time. On believing the old man’s words, Gautama renounced his princely privileges and joined the monkhood, which deprived him of worldly possessions with strong hope of comprehending underlying truth of the surrounding environment. It was a tree that he finally believed that the end to suffering was ultimately salvation. Following his epiphany, Gautama became popular to the people of the same faith as ‘Buddha’, meaning "Enlightened One." Throughout his life, Buddha (Gautama) spent his entire life journeying about India, while preaching and teaching his understanding of the real world. This religion is based on four fundamental noble truths about suffering. These teachings are; the truth of suffering, the truth of causes of suffering, the truth and believe about the end of suffering, and the truth about the paths that leads believers off suffering. In the simple terms, Buddhists believe in the existence of suffering, suffering has its root cause; suffering would come to end via certain path. According to them, sufferings exist and we only need to navigate our ways through to attempt rectifying the situation. The first truth seeks to recognize the existence of suffering, the Second Truth determine the root causes of suffering. According to the Buddhists, ignorance and desire lie deep on the route to suffering. They also strongly believe that craving for material wellbeing, pleasure and immortality are human wants which can never be fulfilled. As a result, desire to have them satisfied would be more detrimental and would cause more suffering than good. With limited capacity for insight and mental concentration, Buddhists believe that development of the mind would be limited, thus unable to fairly grasp the truth about nature. Vices such as envy, greed, anger and greed, are due to ignorance. Though they also believe on the concept of leisure, but to them leisure fleets. They argue that pursuit of pleasure and leisure leads to unquenchable thirst. The same analogy is given on happiness. In the end, aging, death and sickness are inevitable for the entire hum an race. In the third Noble Truth, Buddhists believe that there is an end to suffering either by death or through achieving Nirvana spiritual position. The Fourth Noble Truth highlights methods that are deemed significant in achieving an end to suffering, commonly referred to as Noble Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Noble Paths are; Right Thought, Right Understanding, Right Speech, Right Livelihood, Right Action, Right Effort, Right Concentration, and Right Mindfulness. In addition, the path to overcoming suffering is divided into three themes: good moral conduct (Thought, Understanding and Speech), mediation and mental growth (Action, Effort, and Livelihood), and insight or wisdom (Mindfulness and Concentration)3. Hinduism Beliefs Hinduism is one of the historically old religious beliefs that is said to have originated basically from the Indian subcontinent. Philosophers and other religious scholars have always treated it as being more of a law or eternal path (Santana Dharma) than a

Needs of Specific Groups of Disabled or Older People

Needs of Specific Groups of Disabled or Older People Outlining the impairments, conditions, rights, and needs of specific groups of disabled or older people Rhojoesa Bingayen 3.1-3.3  A. People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)   Autism Autism is a complex developmental disorder of brain function accompanied by a broad range of severity of intellectual and behavioural deficits. It usually begins within the first two-and-a-half years of a child’s life (Gillberg et.al., 2011). It causes affected children to experience the world differently from the way most other kids do. Autistic children often appear normal physically but their behaviour may often times seem strange and disturbing as compared to normal children. Autism is marked by three prominent symptoms, which are – impairments in social interaction, impairment in communication, and repetitive behaviour. Children with autism display extreme odd behaviours in the sense that they might either be overly aggressive or abnormally passive. They do not connect with other people around them and do not reciprocate to communication verbal or nonverbal. Their social expressions are limited to extreme display of emotions like screaming, crying or laughing profusely with infrequent signs of subtle expression such as smiling or frowning. They do not establish and maintain eye contact when communicating. They develop routines and are resistant to changes in their routines, they get upset when their routines are broken. People with autism tend to exhibit compulsive behaviour and develop ritualistic behaviour in their daily routine. Common repetitive behaviours include hand-flapping, head banging, rocking, jumping and twirling, arranging and rearr anging objects and repeating sounds or words. Consequences a. Individual Discrimination due to an autistic childs abnormal behavior, people around him may discriminate him, brand him as crazy and they may have prejudgements about him. Isolation because he is being discriminated upon, he may further isolate himself and not connect with other people anymore Potential for neglect because of his inability to express himself, his family and carers may not know what he wants or needs leading to neglect Potential for abuse due to his difficult behaviour, his family and carers may be frustrated leading to potential physical or verbal abuse Low self-esteem because he is different from others, his self-esteem may become lower Potential for self-mutilation his repetitive and unusual behaviours may result in harming himself. If he is disrupted from his routines, he may throw tantrums and hurt himself. b. Family Stress constantly caring and managing the difficult behaviour of an autistic child can be very stressful to the family Exhaustion – the physical demands of caring for an autistic child can be very tiring leading to exhaustion. Autistic children often have disturbed sleep pattern and they need constant supervision which is physically exhausting. Burn out – constant exposure to stress and exhaustion can lead to burn out of the family. They may feel isolated and depressed and may reach breaking point if they don’t get help. Guilt – the parents may feel feelings of guilt and blame themselves for the condition of their child. Embarrassment because of the unusual behaviour of the autistic child, the family may feel embarrassed especially when they are in public places Isolation – due to embarrassment, they may opt to stay at home and not socialize anymore Financial problems – autistic children may need more for his needs, therapies and medications and the family may struggle with their finances. c. Carers Stress – constantly looking after an autistic child and managing his unusual behaviour can be very stressful to the carer. When the child’s routine is disrupted and he gets very upset, he may throw tantrums putting the carer under stress. Exhaustion – physical demands of caring for an autistic child is tiring and can lead to exhaustion. The child may be overly passive or overly active and they may be very difficult to handle leading to exhaustion. Burn out – constant exposure to stress can lead to burn out. This may cause the carer to lose interest in taking care of the child leading to neglect and abuse. May give up job – the carer may be unable to cope with the challenging behaviours of the child and may give up caring for the child Impact on the diverse dynamic of the family Autism affects not only the individual but the whole family. An autistic child may have unusual behaviours, difficulty expressing himself and difficulty connecting with people. This can cause parents to have a hard time accepting the child’s condition and they may feel very frustrated of not being able to connect with their child. Autism may be very overwhelming for them and they may feel very depressed about the condition of their child. Stress due to unusual behaviours can lead to burn out and feelings of emptiness. They may feel anger, resentment and guilt. All the family members may feel isolated and helpless and they may neglect themselves putting forward the needs of their autistic child. Autism can either bind the whole family giving support to each other while caring for the autistic child or the constant exposure of the family in a stressful environment may lead to their falling out as a family. Code of Rights Right to be treated with respect Even though a child is autistic, he is still a human being and has the right to be treated with respect whatever behaviour he may display. Even if he cannot express himself, he still has the right to have his own privacy respected. Right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation His unusual behaviours make him prone to discrimination and his inability to connect and communicate with people can lead to exploitation and abuse. People should bear in mind that he is a human being and have the right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation. Right to dignity and independence Family and carers must ensure that his dignity and independence is upheld. As much as possible promote independence to the child, encourage him to do things to increase his self-esteem and dignity. Right to services of an appropriate standard The family should be made aware of the services that they can tap for the benefit of their autistic child. The child should not be denied of services appropriate for him and his family to optimise their quality of life. He is entitled to early intervention services and special education. Right to effective communication Due to inability to express himself, people should try all means to communicate effectively with him so that he may understand information conveyed to him. Right to be fully informed Even if he cannot communicate effectively, an autistic person together with his family still have the right to be fully informed of whatever procedure or services that will be done to him. Right to support The need of an autistic child is different from normal kids and they may need enormous amount of support. As an individual, they have the right to be given the support that they need. Support needs Autistic children need early and life-long intervention to manage their behaviour and enhance their communication skills. Early intensive behavioural therapies in young autistic children are effective in improving their social and communication skills and it can promote their independence as an individual. There are support groups that are available for families and their autistic child so that they can better deal with autism and optimize their lives. These groups provide counselling, behavioural therapies, accommodation and supported living, respite services, training and education, and day services. These groups are: Autism Parent Support Group Autism Therapy Groups Autism NZ Altogether Autism Mental Health Foundation NZ Intellectually Handicapped Children (IHC) Ministry of Education District Health Boards B. People with dementias 3.1-3.3 Dementia According to Alzheimer’s New Zealand (2012), â€Å"dementia occurs as a result of physical changes in the structure of the brain†. These changes can affect memory, thinking, behaviour, personality and emotion. Because dementia is a progressive syndrome, symptoms will gradually worsen. Plaques and tangles form in the brain and spread through the cortex as dementia progresses causing the nerve cells to die. The plaques and tangles disrupt the messages within the brain, damaging the connections between the brain cells. The brain shrinks due to loss of nerve cells, the cerebral cortex (gray matter) become less and the spaces between the cells become wider thus losing communication between the nerve cells. This leads to slower or no reaction at all and loss of ability to think and make decisions. The disease is characterized by gradual memory loss; decline in ability to perform tasks; impairment in cognitive functioning like impaired judgement, decision-making, abstract and logical thinking; disorientation; changes in mood and behavior; and loss of language skills. Consequences Individual Confusion – due to his loss of memory and inability to recognize things, he may be confused with all the things and people that surround him and this may cause him to be anxious and show challenging behaviours Frustration – because of his difficulty remembering and expressing his thoughts, he might be upset and frustrated with himself Display difficult behaviours – to compensate for his inability to express and communicate effectively, he may display difficult and aggressive behaviours to try and express what he wants Potential for self-injury – his inability to recognize dangerous things may pose harm to him and his constant wandering and not finding his way around can also pose danger to him Isolation – because he have difficulty remembering people, he might isolate himself or the people around him might not connect with him Potential for self-neglect as dementia progresses, he will become slower and more confused and may need constant reminding about his need to eat, to drink, to go to the toilet or have a wash and get dressed. Potential for abuse – when he displays difficult behaviour, his family and carers may get frustrated and irritated which can result to physical or verbal abuse Family Stress Constantly caring for a dementia client everyday can be stressful to the family especially the family member who is assigned to take care of the client. This can be physically and emotionally tiring leading to exhaustion and burnout Frustration when the client shows challenging behaviours, the family may feel frustrated and irritated because they may not know how to handle him Isolation – because they have to constantly look after the client, they may lose relationships and social contacts which can lead to isolation. They may also feel embarrassed with the odd behaviour of the client causing them to isolate themselves. Depression – the condition of the client may cause them sadness and depression, the loss of the person they once knew can result to feelings of loss and grief Financial problem – the family may not be able to constantly look after the client and may hire a carer or put him to a nursing home which can drain their resources Role changes – the family may have to assume the role the client used to have like if he is the head of the family, his spouse or eldest child may have to manage their finances and decision making. Carers Stress – Because dementia clients cannot communicate effectively what they need or want, they may display difficult behaviours to express themselves. The healthcare worker may have difficulty understanding the client which can put them under stress. Exhaustion Constantly working and looking after a dementia client is very physically demanding and this can result to tiredness and exhaustion. Challenging behaviour of the client, wandering around, incontinence and inability to communicate properly can be very stressing to the healthcare worker. Burnout – constant exposure to stress can lead to burn out and they may lose interest in taking care of the client. Potential to abuse client – due to the challenging behaviour of a dementia client, they may also become aggressive and violent, the carers may lose patience which can result to abuse of the client physically or verbally. Impact on the diverse dynamic of the family The family may go through a lot of emotions upon diagnosis of a family member with dementia. The client may be oblivious to what is happening around him due to memory changes and it is the family that will go through the process of loss and grief. The family may grieve over the loss of the person they used to know and love, they may grieve over the loss of relationship, or they may grieve over the loss of the future they have planned together. The difficult and challenging behaviour of the client can put them under so much stress which can lead to exhaustion or burn out. Taking care of the client with dementia everyday can be overwhelming for them and may either strengthen their family or weaken them. Code of Rights Right to be treated with respect A dementia client has the right to be treated with respect whatever behaviour he may display. Even if he cannot express himself, he still has the right to have his own privacy respected. Right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation His unusual behaviours make him prone to discrimination and his inability to connect and communicate with people can lead to exploitation and abuse. People should bear in mind that he is a human being and have the right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation. Right to dignity and independence Family and carers must ensure that his dignity and independence is upheld. As much as possible promote independence and encourage him to do things for himself to increase his self-esteem and dignity. Right to services of an appropriate standard The family should be made aware of the services that they can avail for the benefit of the dementia client. He should not be denied of services appropriate for him and his family to optimise their quality of life. Right to effective communication Due to inability to express himself, people should try all means to communicate effectively with him so that he may understand information conveyed to him. Right to be fully informed Even if he cannot communicate effectively, the client should still have the right to be fully informed of whatever procedure or services that will be done to him. Right to support The client has the right to be given the support he needed and be supported by carers of his choice. Support needs Dementia clients have varying needs according to the severity of their disease. Some may need constant reminders only due to their memory changes and some may need full assistance because they have forgotten how to do their ADLs. Dementia is a progressive disease and as the client’s condition worsens over time, they may need constant support and care throughout the course of their disease. Dementia not only affects the individual but also his family and carers, this is life-changing for all of them. They may need people who can truly understand what they are going through. There are support groups available for families and carers where they can connect and access services. These groups provide counselling and stress management techniques; provide support system like personal care, domestic care and carer support ; share knowledge and information on how to effectively manage challenging behaviours; provide education and training; provide links to resources available in the community like facilities/institutions who provides respite care, day care services, sitting services and others. These groups are: Alzheimer’s New Zealand Age Concern Residential care Facilities Home Based Services Health and Disability Commissioner Citizens Advice Bureau Work and Income Ministry of Health District Health Boards 3.4 References Alzheimer’s New Zealand (2012). Retrieved from http://www.alzheimers.org.nz/about-dementia/what-is-dementia#sthash.tFkup8ng.dpuf Autism Speaks Inc. (2014). Autism and your family. Retrieved from http://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/autism-your-family Careerforce (n.d.) Community support services for people with dementia. Retrieved from http://ilearn.careerforce.org.nz/mod/book/view.php?id=272 Gillberg, C., Hollander, E., Kolevson, A. (2011). Textbook of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Virginia, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc. Rhojoesa BingayenPage 1