Golf Equipment Manufacturing Industry Free Essays

Henrietta Koramoah What I realized Poison Gas utilized in World War I took in a great deal about World War I and a ton about toxin gas during this task. First I discovered that toxin gas was utilized as a frill that executed many individuals. I discovered that the utilization of toxic substance gas was begun by France. We will compose a custom article test on Golf Equipment Manufacturing Industry or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now They utilized toxic substance gas against Germans in the war. At that point Germans began utilizing poison gas against a large portion of the other nation and their partners. The toxic substance gas utilized was phosgene gas, mustard gas, chlorine, Asphyxiate, and Lachrymator (tearing operator). A large portion of these gases contain poisonous and an unsafe bacterium that can make harm people right away. Furthermore I discovered that for first time in the war; poison gas resembled a weapon yet just used to scare troopers. Despite the fact that the fighters had their cover on, some were as yet harmed. In 1917 when the United States joined the war, after crushed by the Germans most nations like the British got cover for their officer and utilized toxin gas as a react to their adversaries, for example, the Germans. Thirdly I discovered that, France and British made more veil to shield them from the agony of toxin gas. The Germans crushed a ton of nations with the assistance of toxic substance gas. Despite the fact that toxin gas did harmed and hurt many individuals. The quantity of harms brought about by poison gas was low to the harms brought about by automatic rifles. Also, in conclusion I discovered that Germans were accused for the harms caused in the war, I believed that was somewhat unjustifiable yet I thought Germans made them come. Taking everything into account this is the thing that I found out about toxin gas in my I-Search task. Step by step instructions to refer to Golf Equipment Manufacturing Industry, Papers

Why Do We Travel Essay Example for Free

For what reason Do We Travel Essay I think the motivation behind why we head out is to see experience different nations, new societies, current and old urban communities and noteworthy towns. It’s continually energizing to find and investigate new things, for example, various lifestyles, to meet various individuals, to attempt diverse food, to tune in to various musicals. I likewise imagine that we make a trip since we need to escape from our every day schedule and to discover something progressively tranquil, for example, setting off to a sea shore, plunging or bringing a stumble into the wilderness. Probably the best thing about voyaging is that you’re ready to encounter an inclination that’s curious about some other emotions. It is the point at which you find something new and you feel that you could remain here for an incredible remainder. We travel to open our hearts and eyes and learn and experience increasingly about the world. Numerous individuals are keen on photography and they visit different nations to take photographs of scenes, for example, the sea, mountains, the sun rising, cascades and corals and considerably more. I think the motivation behind why we take photographs is that, photographs help us recollecting our lost recollections or if we’re having an upsetting day, the photographs can assist us with discovering quietness in ourselves. The explanation that makes voyaging such an exceptional thing is, that you learn new things constantly. We get intrigued by the local language and culture. I think we need to encounter a similar inclination we get as when we watch a film from a colorful spot. We need that extraordinary excursion that we will always remember. Much the same as in the film â€Å"The Beach†. A gathering of youngsters goes to an exceptional sea shore where everything is lovely and tranquil. What's more, you won’t get pushed and you won’t get upset by noisy music as you do in packed voyagers. In the film it has extraordinary ramifications for the last newcomers that there must be a sure number of individuals on the Island. I think it is miserable when nature is crushed by travelers however I would discover another approach to constrain the quantities of visitors. The previous summer, I was on a get-away to Italy with my family. It was certainly an energizing and an encountering excursion however I additionally got enlivened by their way of life and their method of living. It wasn’t the life-changing excursion however it was an extraordinary outing since it was a significant snapshot of my life and I could impart it to my family.

Institute of Contemporary Art College Night

Institute of Contemporary Art College Night (See the #1 Boston Adventure at the Boston International Antiquarian Book Fair here) My 20th birthday was pretty perfect. It started an hour before midnight with one of my friends encouraging me to get pumped about the event. Several commented on the fact that I have (almost) successfully evaded teenage pregnancy. Apparently, 20 = adult. In exciting developments, I will soon gain access to the front of my cerebral cortex, where “the wisdom resides” (from this awesome source about the teen brain). Then there was midnight. Three of my friends and hall neighbors, M., T., and Th., ‘19, emerged in a grand procession. The leader, in a furry cap reminiscent of Russian monarch fashion, carried a golden cardboard crown on a velvet pillow. The trio proceeded to crown me as tsar. The witnesses cheered. Hugs followed. Solar Car Captain P. ‘17 presented me with a very special solar car t-shirt. The day continued to be delightful. I got more birthday wishes in class. One of my neighbors, F. ‘17, resolved to congratulate me every time I passed, which was often. In the evening, my friend M. ‘18 and I went to the Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) College Night. Our Silver Line bus sped through the tunnel to the regal World Trade Center T station, which opened onto a muddy construction site. We walked in the rain past tall buildings with green and purple light strips running down the side (which looked classy, according to my companion). Our soggy wooden path opened up to the ocean, a lone dock, and the museum over the night waters (also illuminated with classy lights). Inside, DJ Knife was “breaking it down with genre-mixing beats” (quoting the event flyer from here on). And not just genre-mixing, but also loud. Walking to the rhythm, we got our hands stamped with the museum logo and continued up and away from the DJ and the one awkward pair dancing in the open space in front of him. Upstairs was the Game Room with “larger-than-life versions of [our] childhood favorites!” We walked past students playing with giant Jenga and checkers. Many of them dressed in little black dresses or suits. Not particularly interested in huge games at the time, we headed straight for free “Thirsty? Need a Snack?” section of the room. Got drinks in thin glass bottles. Munched on restaurant-made deviled eggs. Chef’s special. Company sponsored. It felt really fancy. Like in one of those TV commercials with cool young people and drinks, music and lights. Fun. M. and I didnt linger in the Game Room for long. Even on the second floor, DJ Knife’s beats seeped through. In a final attempt to capitalize on the “free stuff” portion of the event, we stopped by the prize “wheel”. Three out of five of its slots said “Water Bottle,” “Sunglasses,” and “Backpack,” the three prize options. The other two said, “Try Again.” It was a lottery we couldnt lose. We “tried again” twice and won. On the 4th floor, M. and I wandered through the “blockbuster fall exhibition Leap Before You Look: Black Mountain College 1933-1957,” a collection of art from “a small school in North Carolina where the course of art history changed forever” (more here). The odd pieces of art on display reminded us of the lounges back at the MIT home. Here are some examples of the awesome Black Mountain College art:       In the Transcending Material: ICA Collection room, we passed a cube of pins by Tara Donovan  and a rug of pins by Mona Hatoum. In the next room was an example of political satire in art by Rachel Harrison, entitled Jack Lemmon  (explanation here).  Josiah McElheny explored the infinite in his collection, Some Pictures of the Infinite, which included the piece entitled Czech Modernism Mirrored and Reflected Infinitely. We then wandered into a room of photogravures with etching by Tacita Dean, collectively entitled  The Russian Ending, of which my favorite the image of Donesk (my hometown), The Tragedy of the Hughesovka Bridge  (from a time when Donetsk wasn’t called by its current name). A glimpse of home. Two more cool pieces from the ICA collection:   Beyond the rooms of art, the transparent front of the ICA offered a panorama of the night ocean. We pressed our faces against the glass to better see the silent waves and city lights. And that was our trip. Down in the spacious glass elevator and quickly past the awkward DJ we went. Outside, past an alley of trees. Music started playing around us as we passed. A perfect chance to dance in the rain. At home on 1E, we made pink pound cake with a chocolate Illuminati symbol on top. I made my birthday wish at midnight as my hallmates hollered the birthday song magnificently out of tune. A perfect day. Visit the awesome ICA exhibitions yourself! Or see some gorgeous pieces online here.

Jfk Assassination Research Paper - 1102 Words

Raven Wing April 3, 2013 JFK Assassination On November 29, 1963, our 35th President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. A young and vigorous leader who was a victim of the fourth Presidential assassination in the history of a country. This assassination was known as a world tragedy, and a great lost to our nation. Many conspiracies were formed while the investigation of his assassination was undergoing, making his case unsolved. But with the many conspiracies, the assassination caused a lot of effect on our country over the years. Making the JFK assassination a remarkable case. There are many conspiracy†¦show more content†¦Another bullet struck Kennedy in the rear portion of his head, causing a massive and fatal wound, and landing him into Mrs. Kennedy’s lap (Nizer, pg.8). Secret Service Agencies began to act, shielding Kennedy and his wife as they sped to Parkland Memorial Hospital; 4 miles away. At the hospital, Kennedy was treated by a team of physicians who examined his body and fatal wounds. But sadly, Kennedy was pronounced dead at 1 p.m. Kennedy’s death has impacted our nation as a whole, as we acknowledge a man of wisdom and prosperity. Kennedy had plans to make action of change and adjustment while in office, but couldn’t achieve that due to a major setback. One great impact is that we lost a leader of our country, and experience the sorrow of his lost in harmony. Leaving America in doubt of hope and change, which was promised. Another impact is that 16,000 military advisors had been dispatched to the country (http://millercenter.org). The Warren Commission’s report, which found Oswald to be the sole assassin, led to widespread dissent and confusion among the American public; with many questions about Oswald’s time spent in the Soviet Union. The Vietnam War turned out to be the first United States loss in a long term armed conflict in history. In conclusion, John F. Kennedy had many accumulating goals for the U.S. and was robbed from us too soon in his presidency. Kennedy was aShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy was the youngest person to be elected president and700 Words   |  3 PagesResearch Paper John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy was the youngest person to be elected president and to die president. Kennedy was an extraordinary man born on May 19, 1917 and became president in 1960. He did not know of his inevitable fate three years later in Texas. Kennedy seemed to be a favorite to all of America. Kennedy was a great president who had his own thoughts and ideals which caused him to have enemies that led him to his assassination. John F. Kennedy was born on May 19, 1917Read More Political Communication in Oliver Stone’s Platoon and JFK Essay4747 Words   |  19 Pagescommunication seeks to maintain the status quo. The film medium, which is the subject of this paper, has a much broader mass appeal than other medias and often changes the viewer’s original beliefs and perceptions when he or she experiences over an hour straight of visual indoctrination of only one view. Over the course of the semester, we have learned about the informal process of the government. In our first paper of the semester, we analyzed how the news media coverage’s role of acting as the fourthRead MoreThe Assassination Of John Fitzgerald Kennedy1719 Words   |  7 Pages1963 the history of the United States was changed forever. This event was the assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and is one of the most interesting topics in American history because there are conspiracy theories surrounding the event despite no actual evidence behind a cover up of the assassination. Looking back on Kennedy’s and Oswald’s (his killer) lives and deaths, the reasons why there was an assassination, and the aftermath following that tragic day in November give us reasons toRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1754 Words   |  8 Pagestragic events that occur. Many of these conspiracies involve the assassinations of previous presidents, vic e presidents, senators, civil rights activists and political figures. Assassinations although tragic are inevitable that usually occur due to political reasons or payments and they don’t only affect the lives of their families but the lives of innocent citizens. Three political assassinations that might interest you are the assassinations of President Abraham Lincoln, President John F. Kennedy andRead MoreEffects Of President Kennedy s Assassination2424 Words   |  10 PagesIsabel Pozzi Mrs. Williams Research Paper December 8, 2014 The Effects of President Kennedy’s Assassination President Kennedy was the youngest president elected for office at the age of 43. Prior to being elected president, he served in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. He is currently the only catholic to ever be elected to the office of President of the United States. Kennedy, a Democrat, was elected the 35th president of the United States when he defeated the RepublicanRead More Conspiracy Behind The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy3295 Words   |  14 PagesNovember 22, 1963 in Dallas Texas. He, his wife, Jackie, the Vice President and many others were in Dallas for a reelection campaign for the upcoming election in 1964 when the horrible incident happened. Sadly, there is no decent explanation of the assassination from the government – The Warren Report is a 26 Volume Report that claims that Lee Harvey Oswald is the lone assassin – I do not agree with this. The CIA was one branch of the government that was definitely a big thorn in Kennedy’s side, andRead MoreLee Harvey Oswald’s Motives for killing President John F. Kennedy646 Words   |  3 PagesThere have been many papers, books, and articles written on Lee Harvey Oswald’s motives for killing President John F. Kennedy. No one knows for sure exactly what motivated him in this horrendous act, but there has been some speculation that a fatherless upbringing or his mental health led the way in making him the most famous assassin of the twentieth century. Lee Harvey Oswald had a rough childhood. He grew up without a father figure in his life so he was lacking direction from the most importantRead MoreWho Shot John F. Kennedy?2616 Words   |  10 PagesWHO SHOT JFK The assassination of President John. F. Kennedy on the 22nd November 1963 shook America to its core. Indeed, it can be argued that America has never really recovered from the events in Dallas on that day. The weekend after the assassination, a poll showed that â…” of Americans believed there was a conspiracy – that Lee Harvey Oswald did not act alone . This remains a widely held view. For the American people, it perhaps seemed too much to bear that one man had killed the President. AsRead MoreThe Many Theories of the JFK Assassination Essay example3041 Words   |  13 PagesThe Many Theories of the JFK Assassination Introduction There are many theories that have been introduced to people surrounding the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. The assassination of the 35th President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, occurred on November 22, 1963. Kennedy was fatally shot while riding in the presidential limousine through the streets of Dallas, Texas. The projectile that struck his head shattered the right side of his skull. During an interviewRead MoreThe Assassination Of President Kennedy Essay1787 Words   |  8 PagesThe assassination of the 35th President John F. Kennedy has solicited more curiosity than any other event during the twentieth century. The assassination of president Kennedy has become one of the most researched events in U.S history and is still thriving today. There have been numerous books, stories, films, research, and much more conducted on and around the events of the assassination. The horrific event was witnessed by hundreds of bystanders whom all qualified as th e first people to have been

Organizational Life Cycles and Leadership Styles Essay

Introduction Organizations are social entities that are goal directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinate activity systems and are linked to the external environment. They are made up of people and their relationships to one another. This becomes really important throughout an organization’s life cycle. An organizational life cycle is the idea that orgs are born, they grow older, and then they die. Daft says things like organizational structure, leadership style, and administrative systems follow a predictable pattern throughout the stages of this life cycle. There are four phases of an organizational life cycle. They are the infancy phase, the adolescence phase, the middle aged phase, and the maturity phase. Each phase†¦show more content†¦The environment in this phase is usually filled with excitement. The crisis in this phase is that a need for leadership arises. The larger the organization grows, the more employees it takes on. And the more employees it ta kes one on, the larger the amount of management issues that occur. Phase 2 – Adolescence: The adolescent phase is also called the collectivity stage. Assuming the leadership crisis is resolved, the primary goals for this stage are growth, independence, and empowerment. The organizations is medium sized and prebureaucratic. There are a few rules at this point but it is mostly informal. It is internally and externally focused and there is a strong sense of team and community. The org is also experiencing rapid growth in this phase. This causes departments and hierarchy of authority to be established, job assignments are handed out and a division of labor begins. This crisis in this stage is the need for delegation. The managers are conflicted in their level of authority and they need to find a way to coordinate departments without direct supervision from the top managers. Phase 3 – Middle Aged: This phase is also called the formalization stage. The primary goals of the middle aged phase are to gain maturity and interdependence. They aim to reinvent themselves and to strengthen their infrastructure. The organization at this point is large and bureaucratic. The structure of this stage includes integrated technology, strategy, and formalShow MoreRelatedLeadership Style Of A New Company1314 Words   |  6 Pagesperformance because of the lack of leadership or the wrong style of leadership. The leader is the most significant role within an organization that drives the success or failure of the company. Their own particular leadership style may produce positive results or hamper productivity. No two leaders are alike and no two employees are exactly the same. Any new leader, who is inheriting a diverse workforce, must be flexible enough to tailor their leadership style to the task they are trying to achieveRead MoreEffective Management Practice s in Community Service Organizations1686 Words   |  7 PagesCommunity service organizations are essential for the strength and liveliness of our communities. Not only do they enrich the quality of life of several citizens, but they also exemplify the highest societal values that should be extended to all citizens. In the current ever-changing environment caused by shrinking resources, increased competition for funding and skilled staff, and demands for accountability, organizations are being forced to look at new and creative ways to influence the workRead MoreEssay on LW Situational Leadership Leadeship The1619 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP THEORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP This paper will address why situational leadership theory is useful and relevant in developing an effective leadership culture. In addition, it will also discuss the three theories of situational leadership and what is considered to be the strengths and weaknesses of each theory when leading staff in the organizational environment. Situational leadership is useful and relevant in developing an effective leadership culture because it allowsRead MoreCharismatic Leadership : A Charismatic Leader1603 Words   |  7 PagesCHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP In the current leadership era, Charismatic leadership is one of the newer leadership perspectives. This approach is based on the concept of charisma, which means â€Å"an inspired and divine gift†. Elements of a charismatic leadership A charismatic leadership is characterized by these three elements: Leader characteristics, Follower characteristics, and Situational Factors. Notice that these elements are much like the elements that contribute to the cycle of abuseRead MoreOrganizational Change And Leadership Processes1330 Words   |  6 Pagesinevitable part of organizational life. The book defines the change of organizations through organizational life cycles. Simply put, organization life cycles look at how organizations change through time due to the internal and external situations that influence the change. When a change occurs within an organization, new rules, leadership styles, and communication needs to be adopted in order to cope with the change. This paper will explain the concepts of organizational change and leadership processes byRead MoreLeading Nurses Through Hospital Change Case Study Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagessituations. She believes chaos theory is a great way to manage organization al change and is a very charismatic leader. Jen believes that the new care coordinators are the best that could have been chosen and trusts them to use their imaginations to make their roles what they want it to be. KEY CONCEPTS AND THEORIES Planned Organizational Change: In this situation, University Hospital underwent a significant planned organizational change. They took traditional nurses and put them into â€Å"care coordinator†Read MoreSituational Leadership Theory And Organizational Leadership1660 Words   |  7 PagesSituational Leadership Theory and Organizational Leadership Why are some employees happier and more satisfied with their work environment than others? Why are some teams within the same organization more productive than others? How can you get subordinates to trust your decisions, readily cooperate with others and follow your lead? The answer to these questions boils down to one thing; effective leadership. For our purpose, effective leadership can be defined as the art of influencing individualsRead MoreLeadership Culture : A Review Essay1674 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership Culture: A Review of the Literature Dallas Benson Liberty University â€Æ' Abstract Culture represents the informal set of attitudes, beliefs, goals, norms understandings, and values that provide both a sense of identity and purpose to an organization. Research into the influences of management on corporate culture include insights from a variety of fields to include business, economics, politics, psychology, and sociology. This review examines the literature on organization designRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr.1284 Words   |  6 Pagesgreat leader had. Later study moved to an assessment of the skills required for good leadership which could then be taught to others who were assigned leadership positions. In the search for a single method that would cover all situations, many studies had found that there is no one best way that covered all situations and that leadership style had to match the various situations as they occurred. 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Solving Black Inner City Poverty Free Essays

FILM QUESTIONNAIRE #2 DUE DATE: 10/8/10 NAME: Solving Black Inner-City Poverty: William Julius Wilson, Films for the Humanities, Inc. , 1994 [30 minutes] 1. What has been the main cause of the rise of concentrated poverty in the urban ghetto since the 1970s according to Wilson? (4 points) Wilson argues that one of the main cause of the rise of concentrated poverty in the urban ghetto since the 1970s is the fact of segregation. We will write a custom essay sample on Solving Black Inner City Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the 1970s the poor, middle class and upper class all lived in the same neighborhoods. This gave the poor more opportunities to find jobs through interaction with the wealthier tier of citizens. Nowadays, the less fortunate cluster in the ghettos and create their own life-ways, which makes it increasingly difficult to get out of the vicious circle. The schools in the neighborhood are not adequate, there are less opportunities and they cant live up to the morals and values that they would like to, but form their own. Another major factor to why the poor stay poor is the fact that single-mom households have increased from 20% in the 1970s to 51% today and the struggle it is for them to get out of the ghetto being what they are. In his book The Declining Significance of Race he further examines the question; â€Å"Why do poverty and unequal opportunity persist in the lives of so many African Americans? † In response, he traces the history and current state of powerful structural factors impacting African Americans, such as discrimination in laws, policies, hiring, housing, and education. He argues against either/or politicized views of poverty among African Americans that either focus blame solely on cultural factors or only on unjust structural factors. He tries to demonstrate the importance of understanding not only the independent contributions of social structure and culture, but also how they interact to shape different group outcomes that embody racial inequality. 2. What are some elements of the informal sex code that governs sexual relations in the ghetto? (3 points) Wilson contends that there is an â€Å"informal sexcode† within the ghettos and that the ratio of births among young women is increasing. Men gain prestige by the numbers of girlfriends as well as children they accumulate. And since black males are â€Å"unmarriable† when they do not have a job to support the family, the women end up alone with several children. Wilson was one of the first to enunciate at length the â€Å"spatial mismatch† theory for the development of a ghetto underclass. As industrial jobs disappeared in cities in the wake of global economic restructuring, and hence urban unemployment increased, women found it unwise to marry the fathers of their children, since the fathers would not be breadwinners. 3. Wilson advocates universal type programs for dealing with the plight of the inner city poor. What is meant by universal programs? Why is he in favor of universal as opposed to race-specific solutions? (4 points) A Universal Program is a program that addresses all races. Wilson favors Universal programs for the fact that no American citizen should be living in poverty. As of the time of the interview two thirds of the poor within the US population was white. The whites were also hit hard by the de-industrialization, not only the black. Wilson argues that we should talk in Universal terms, about programs that are there to help all Americans get a job. The way to reach the poor is by introducing an alternative avenue to success, they feel neglected and not involved in the white middle/upper-class society so in return they have created their own sphere where they set the rules and where perceived relative deprivation is high. Where the poor blacks have nurtured hatred towards the white middleclass for doing well. 4. Wilson himself grew up in a poor family in rural Pennsylvania. Why does he think he was able to escape poverty against the odds? (3 points) Wilson grew up in a poor family in rural Pennsylvania but still managed to escape poverty since he had a very good role model, namely his Aunt Janice. His aunt (with his mother behind her) pushed Wilson to get an education and took him on trips, to museums and gave him books. She got him on his feet and he took over from there. He was also raised in rural Pennsylvania and not in an inner city, which is a big difference. In the inner city you have a sense of crowdedness, a high rate of crimes, easy access to drugs, and the sense of being imprisoned, which you do not have in the rural parts of the country. This gives you a different outlook on things according to Wilson. 5. In the article we read (â€Å"A Black City Within the White†), Loic Wacquant formulates a strong critique of Wilson and other proponents of the â€Å"underclass† thesis. What is the crux of his critique? Do you agree with Wilson or Wacquant? Why? (6 points) Wilson argues that the significance of race is waning, and an African-American’s class is comparatively more important in determining his or her life chances. Wacquant, on the other hand, argues that a ghetto is not simply a conglomeration of poor families or a spatial accumulation of undesirable social conditions but an institutional form. He points out that it is the instrument of ethnoracial closure and power whereby a population deemed disreputable and dangerous is at once secluded and controlled. Furthermore, he disputes the fact that ghettos were ever simply desolate places of ecological disrepair and social hardship. He points out that there was – and still are – manifestations of a power relation between the dominant white society and its subordinate black caste. I would argue that Wilsons’s argument that the labor market problems African Americans face today are largely due to deindustrialization and consequent skills mismatches. On one hand, African Americans never were especially dependent on jobs in the manufacturing sector, so deindustrialization in itself has not had a major impact on African Americans, and that, on the other hand, the relative labor market success of poorly-educated immigrants in the postindustrial era shows that there is no absence of jobs for those ith few skills. To me, Wilson puts forth the attitude that a persons patterns and norms of behavior tend to be shaped by those with which he or she has had the most frequent or sustained contact and interaction. First, he seems to argue that external influences or differential associations are on of the key pillars to his theory, secondly, the out-migration of middle-class minorities, and thirdly, the problem of distance and spatial mismatch – between inner c ity residents and places of potential employment. He also attributed the increasing rate of inner city marriage disintegration to consistent states of joblessness. I must say that I think Wilson does not give enough emphasis to the role of race. Racial segregation is much more crucial to the development of concentrated poverty and any resulting neighborhood disintegration than black middle-class out-migration, while social class segregation is a very real factor, it is notably intensified when racial segregation is high. Wilson is not acknowledging current discriminatory practices, in my opinion. How to cite Solving Black Inner City Poverty, Papers

Costco free essay sample

Provide an overview of the company and/or industry and add any pertinent information relevant to the case (5 points) The overall competitive forces working on the Warehouse Club industry are fairly average. The highest pressure in the industry comes from industry rivalry and the availability of substitutes. Buyer bargaining power, supplier bargaining power, and threat of entry are relatively weak. Costco controls about 56% of the market, Sams Club controls about 36%, and BJs and any other warehouse retailers control about 8%. 1. Do all three warehouse club rivals – Costco, Sam’s, and BJ’s Wholesale – have highly similar strategies? What differences in their strategies are apparent? Does one rival have a better strategy that the others? Does one rival have a somewhat weaker strategy than the other two? (15 points) All three use the a low-cost provider strategy and have fairly low product differentiation. Costco clearly has the superior strategy out of the three competitors and are operating at a high level. We will write a custom essay sample on Costco or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sams is the closest to being a threat to Costco but needs to adjust their strategy as it pertains to appealing to consumers. BJ’s has the weakest strategy and operates on a regional level with no apparent plans for significant expansion. 2. Five years from now, is Costco’s standing as the industry leader likely to be stronger or weaker? Are the other two rivals likely to gain or lose ground on Costco? Why or why not? (15 points) Sams club does have more international locations but Costco has a strong growth strategy and an abundance of resources to exapnd internationally. Sams will need to expand their clientele if they wish to gain ground on Costco. BJs is lagging behind and will likely lose ground if they cease to expand operations like there competitors are doing. 4. What recommendations would you like to make to Jim Sinegal regarding the actions that Costco management needs to take to sustain the company’s growth and improve its financial performance? (15 points) The current strategy Costcos is implementing is working. They should continue to build new warehouses both in the U.S and overseas. They should continue to attract new members and strive to create customer loyalty. They should also continue using their merchandising techniques in order to increase sales. Jim, on a more personal level, should begin to groom those under him to ensure his company has continued success and that someone can effectively take his place after he is no longer with the company. 5. What actions do you think management at Sam’s Club should take to boost revenue growth and overall financial performance? (10 points) In order for Sams to continue to perform it may be necessary for them to imitate some of Costcos strategy and begin to stock more luxury products. This will expand their clientele by appealing to a more upscale class of consumers and in effect could steal some of the markets that Costcos operates in. If implemented correctly, this would effectively improve their overall financial performance. 6. What actions do you think management at BJ’s Wholesale should take to boost revenue growth and overall financial performance? (10 points) BJs doesnt seem to have the resources or an effective growth strategy to compete with their competitors. As result they should carefully continue to attempt to expand into other locations with the goal of increasing sales. If they continue down the current path its possible they could go out of business or even become an acquisition of one of their competitors. To avoid this it may be necessary to merge with smaller competitors in order to complete their expansion and increase their overall financial performance.

Bibliography This Is My First Biology Paper. My Major Is Psychology.

Bibliography: This is my first Biology paper. My major is Psychology. I attend an university in Maryland part-time. I am a college Sophomore. I work in Communications. UNDERSTANDING THE AIDS VIRUS Will I live to see tomorrow? Is there a hope for the future? These are probably the most commonly asked questions among AIDS patients today. This paper delves into the heart of the AIDS topic by giving a detailed definition of the virus, risk factors associated with transmission, and the best treatment methods studied by the Centers for Disease Control, the National Institutes of Health, and other research organizations. AIDS. The word alone strikes fear into every sexually active individual. Why is this? The reason is that everyone can relate to the consequential symptoms of the disease, but not everyone knows the real meaning of AIDS. AIDS is an acronym for "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." The Centers for Disease Control defines AIDS as the presence of at least one of several opportunistic diseases, along with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An opportunistic disease is described as a disease that has an opportunity to occur because the immune system has been weakened. Examples of opportunistic diseases would be Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma, or toxoplasmosis. The combination of such diseases, plus HIV, deplete the complex natural defense system protecting the body from infection by viruses and microorganisms. The definition of AIDS has also been expanded to include a CD4+ T cell count less than 200 cells per cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood. AIDS is characterized by the progressive loss of the CD4+ helper cell, a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight off certain infections. This cell is also known as the T, T-helper, and T4 cells. The CD4+ cells are white blood cells that stimulate B lymphocytes to produce antibodies, lead to a severe reduction of functions of the body's immune system (immunosuppression), neurological complications, and opportunistic infections that rarely occur in persons with intact immune function. Although the precise causes leading to the destruction of the immune system have not been fully discovered, the detailed studies of epidemiology, virology, and immunology support the conclusion the HIV is the underlying cause of AIDS; hence HIV invades and destroys the CD4 cells. Primary HIV infection is often associated with as abrupt decline of CD4 cells in the peripheral blood. The decrease in circulating CD4 cells during primary infection is probably due to two factors: 1) depletion by HIV, and 2) to redirect cells to the lymphoid tissue and other organs. The median period between the infection of HIV and the onset of clinically apparent disease is approximately 10 years in western countries, according to prospective studies of homosexual men. This period also applies to HIV-infected blood transfusion recipients, injection drug users, and adult hemophiliacs. In 1981, clinical investigators in New York and California observed among young, previously healthy, homosexual men a strange clustering of cases of rare diseases, notably Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), as well as cases of unexplained, persistent lymphadenopathy. It soon became evident that these men had a common immunologic deficit- the impairment in cell mediated immunity, resulting from a significant loss of CD4 cells. The widespread development of KS and PCP in young people with no previous history of disease was unusual. After detailed studies and searches of autopsy records, medical history books, and tumor recordings, results showed that KS and PCP had only occurred at very low levels in the United States previously. KS, Kaposi's sarcoma, is a skin neoplasm that affected older men, cancer, or transplant patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Before AIDS became a big issue, the only reports of KS in the United States were 0.02 to 0.06 per 100,000 population. In addition, the disease was generally found in certain parts of Africa among younger individuals. By 1984, men in San Francisco were found 2,000 times more likely to develop KS! By 1994, at least a whopping 36,693 patients with AIDS had been reported. This shows how fast the spread of the disease takes place. PCP, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a lung infection caused by a pathogen, was extremely rare before 1981. Taken from a survey in 1967, only 107 cases had been

How to Alphabetize a List in Microsoft Word

How to Alphabetize a List in Microsoft Word Any list of items presented in either an ordered (i.e., numbered) or unordered (i.e., bulleted) manner within Microsoft Word may be sorted in alphabetical order, in either ascending or descending sequence. Word allows sorts by text, by number, and by date, and even permits three levels of sorting that either includes or ignores a header row, if the first item in the list is a header. Alphabetize a List in Word 2007 to Word 2019 Microsoft support provides these instructions, which are essentially identical to Word 2007: Select the text in a bulleted or numbered list.On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Sort.In the Sort Text dialog box, under Sort by, click Paragraphs and then Text, and then click either Ascending or Descending. Modify these drop-downs and radio buttons to sort as you intend. In addition to sorting by text, you can sort by date and number. Paragraphs Within Lists Even though youre working with either a numbered or bulleted list, Word assumes that every item in the list is a paragraph and it will sort according to that logic. More Organizational Options in Word Word offers a range of possibilities for organizing your text. In addition to ordinary alphabetizing from A-Z, you can also: Alphabetize from Z-AOrganize numerically in ascending or descending orderOrganize by ascending or descending dateSort by fieldsSort by headersSort in one way and then in another (by number and then letter, for example, or by paragraph and then by header)

Newton's Three Laws, Friction and Electrical Circutes Lab Report

Newton's Three Laws, Friction and Electrical Circutes - Lab Report Example Without friction and other forces including that of gravity, the ball will continue rolling with the same velocity unless it hits something or someone kicks it. Understanding the concept of a net external force is crucial in understanding Newton's first law. To illustrate this, consider a rope being used in a tug of war. There are two opposing forces in the activity but if the two sides pull with the same force then the rope would not move. That is, the two forces cancel each other out resulting to no net force on the rope. Thus, forces may be acting on an object but they are applied in such a manner that they cancel each other's effects. Force is a vector so it is important to take account of the direction. The result is that there will be no change in velocity since Force, F = 0. In calculus, this would be represented as dv/dt = 0 when F = 0 or simply, there is no differential change in velocity when there is no net external force. This is illustrated in the following; Figure 1. A Physics book pulled downward by gravity but the table exerts an upward push. The book does not move because the two forces cancel out. Note that the table is an inanimate object but is exerting force. The occurrence of force applied by the table will be explained further in Newton's Third law. 2.0 Newton's Second Law of Motion: Force and its Representation "The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object." While the first law describes the behaviour of objects where the F = 0, the second law is concerned with the situation where there is an unbalanced force. If F 0, then dv/dt is 0. In simple terms, the object accelerates, a, the rate of which is equal to the force applied divided the mass of the object. The acceleration of an object produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. In equation form: Newton's Second Law is used to account for the acceleration of an object and not the motion itself. This law made it possible to quantify the concept of force. Whereas before it was previously defined as a push or pull, force was now quantified using the unit Newton (N). 1 N is equivalent to the force required to impart a 1 kg mass with acceleration of 1 m/s/s. The vector nature of force is also highlighted in the second law and gave rise to the need for constructing free body diagrams (FBDs). A free body diagram is a simple representation of an object with arrows. These arrows represent the forces together with its direction and intensity. In constructing FBDs, it is essential to take full account of all the forces acting on the object including action-at-a-distance force. An illustration of FBDs and unbalanced forces are shown: Figure 2. The object is acted upon by forces which are unbalanced in all three cases thereby resulting to an acceleration of the body mass. 3.0 Newton's Third Law of Motion: Action- Reaction "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction" All

Pharmacology question (Neostigmine) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pharmacology question (Neostigmine) - Essay Example Ach is rapidly inactivated by ChE and endplate returns to its resting potential. However, if there is prolonged depolarization induced by these drugs, there is no further generation of action potential after the initial twitch and there is loss of electrical excitability at the motor endplate. Directly acting muscle relaxant: They exert direct action on the skeletal muscle, by interfering with the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, they interfere with the excitation-contraction coupling (Bhattacharya 2003). Treatment of respiratory paralysis arising from an adverse reaction or overdose of a neuromuscular blocking agent should be by positive pressure artificial respiration with oxygen and maintenance of a patient airway until the recovery of normal respiration is assured. With the competitive blocking agents, this may be hastened by the administration of neostigmine methyl sulphate (0.5 to 2mg, intravenously) or edrophonium (10mg intravenously, repeated as required.) (Hardman 1996). Neostigmine is a quaternary ammonium compound that inhibits cholinesterase activity and thus prolongs and intensifies the physiological actions of acetylcholine. It probably also has direct effects on skeletal muscle fibres. To reverse neuromuscular blockade produced by competitive neuromuscular blockers, the usual adult dose in the UK is 50 to 70micrograms/kg given by intravenous injection over a period of 60 seconds; in the USA lower doses of 0.5 to 2mg are used. Additional neostigmine may be given until the muscle power is normal but a total of 5mg should not be exceeded. Similar doses may be used in children; the BNFC recommends a dose of 50 to 80micrograms/kg in neonates and children, to a maximum of 2.5mg in those under 12 years of age. The patient should be well ventilated until complete recovery of normal respiration is assured. To counteract any muscarinic effects in adults 0.6 to 1.2mg of atropine sulfate is given by intravenous injection with or before the dose of neostig mine; neonates and children up to 18 years of age may be given 20micrograms/kg of atropine sulfate (to a maximum of 600micrograms in those aged 1 month and over). It has been suggested that in the presence of bradycardia atropine sulfate should be given several minutes before neostigmine. Glycopyrronium bromide has been used as an alternative to atropine sulfate. Adverse effects The adverse effects of neostigmine are chiefly due to

Underwriting Process in Insurance

Underwriting Process in Insurance Underwriting Process In order for the insurance companies to make profit and charge the appropriate rate for an insured, they undergo the underwriting process. Underwriting is the process in which an insurance company determines if an applicant is eligible for insurance and the rate they should charge if the applicant is eligible. In simpler words, it is a process of risk classification. The purpose of insurance underwriting is to spread risk among a pool of insured in a way that is both profitable for the insurer and fair to the customer. Insurance companies need to make a profit like many other businesses. Therefore, it doesnt make sense if they sell insurance for everyone who applies for it. They may not want to charge an excessive high rate to the customer and also it is not good for them to charge the same premium to every policyholder. Underwriting enables the company to weed out certain applicants and to charge the remaining applicants premiums that are commensurate with their level of risk (Conra d, Clark, Goodwin, Morse Kane, 2011). The underwriting process consist of evaluating several sources of an applicant and the use of complex pricing models developed by actuaries that help the insurance companies set prices. I will focus on the risk classification along with some of the factors that help the underwriters classify each applicant and the use of insurance credit scoring that allow the insurance companies to price the premiums. Factors An insurance company usually looks at various factors during the underwriting process in order to evaluate a potential customer in terms of risk. These factors enable the insurer to determine whether or not the potential customer is insurable. If the potential customer is determined to be insurable, then these factors will help to place them in the appropriate risk group. Some of the factors considered are age, sex, health history, current health/physical condition, personal family health history, occupation, personal habits/character, financial condition, and hobbies (Clark, et al, 2011). Some people believe that any characteristic over which we have no control, such as gender, race, and age, should be excluded from insurance underwriting and rating practices (Baranoff, Brockett, Kahane, 2009, p.157). This argument reflect the idea that the factors used by insurance companies should be based on the behavior of the people instead of the quality on which they are born. Risk Classification Risk classification plays an important role in the pricing of the policy. The premium that the customer pays will depend on the category he/she belongs to. Underwriters classify the applicants into four types of risk groups: standard risk, substandard risk, preferred risk and uninsurable/declined risk. Standard risk. Individuals who have a likelihood of loss or the probability of filing a claim that is not significantly greater than the average are classified as standard risks. Based on the underwriting standards of the insurance company, the people in this group are given a term of insurance without being charged for any extra fees or be subjected to any policy restrictions and they are charged with the standard premium rate (Clark, et al, 2011). Most individual life and health insurance policies are issued at standard premium rates. Substandard risk. Insured that are classified as substandard risk or rated risk, are those that have a greater chance of filing a claim. Applicants are classified in this group because of their health and/or other factors that makes them more likely to die earlier than those who dont possess these kinds of risk factors (Clark, et al, 2011). They are usually charged a higher than standard rate because of the added risks that they possess. Examples of people that may be in this category are those who possess a history of high blood pressure, diabetes, drugs and alcohol. Or maybe they engage in some dangerous activities like skydiving or rock climbing. Preferred risk. Applicants classified as preferred risks are those who are expected to have an above average life expectancy (Clark, et al, 2011). People in this group are preferred by the insurance companies because of their health history and good habits. They are usually offered a lower rate or preferred rate. Applicants that may belong to this group are nonsmokers or people that have a good health history. Uninsurable risk. Individuals categorized as uninsurable or declined risk are those that pose a risk that is too great for the insurance company to cover. The applicants conditions are so rare or unique that the company may not be able to arrive at a suitable premium (Clark, et al, 2011), so their policies are generally declined. Examples of this category include people who have a serious illness and people who conduct illegal activities. Insurance Credit Scoring in Pricing After classifying the applicants into one of the risk groups, the insurance company needs to set price for the policies. One of the tools used by the insurance companies for pricing is the credit scores that help them determine the adequate premium for each consumer. Insurance scores are confidential rankings based on credit history information. Insurance scores are used to provide insurers with a snapshot to provide service to consumers. The score is derived from the consumers previous credit history. This data allows the insurers to price insurance premiums/rates more accurately. (Almarshary, Erbek Reddic) Insurance scores estimate the probability of having insured file a claim. The variables commonly used to estimate insurance scores include measures of performance on credit obligations, credit-seeking behavior, use of credit, length of credit history, and types of credit used (Powell, 2009). They do not include race, color, religion, national origin, gender, marital status, sexual orientation, age, address, salary, disability, occupation, title, employer, date employed or employment history for scoring purposes (Anonymous, 2009). Insurers have found a strong correlation between insurance claims and credit scores. People with low scores are more likely to file claims than people with high scores (Lankford, 2007). They also discovered that people who made late payments tended to have more claims (Almarshary, et al). Improving credit score can certainly make a big difference in the premiums. More insurers now are considering credit scores when setting premium rates. Credit scoring enables insurers to better assess the risk of future claims. In fact, insurance credit scoring helps insurers to differentiate between higher and lower insurance risk (Almarshary, et al). Therefore, insurers will charge a premium based on the information provided by the credit score. When insurers use insurance scores to improve the accuracy of predicted losses, it benefits individuals and society (Powell, 2009). Premiums are closely related to consumers risk of loss on average, so insurance scores increase the fairness in insurance pricing outcomes. Insurance scoring also adds value to insurance transactions. Because insurance scores are accurate and inexpensive rating variables; it reduces the overall cost of providing insurance and this reduction in cost is applied to the premiums of the customer (Powell, 2009). Many people may not be familiar with the underwriting process, but knowing the factors that affect the decision of the insurers of placing you into one of the risk groups, is very useful. In this way, you can easily know if you can be chosen as a potential customer based on your personal information and even if you are not chosen as a potential customer, you might at least know what to avoid in order to decrease the chance of your policy being rejected. Finally, we have to notice the importance of the credit scores, because many insurance companies used it nowadays to price the premiums. Having a good credit history is a key factor to get a lower premium rate in the policy.

Social Consequences of Industrialisation in Britain

In this report I am going to discuss the social consequences of industrialisation in Britain between 1800- and 1850. I will analyse the trends in population movements from rural settings to the city and discuss their causes. I will also discuss social structures of the time and explain how they were affected by industrialisation. I will analyse wealth in regards to distribution amongst the classes and how they differed.Lastly I will discuss such social conditions as living and working conditions, health and sanitation, law and order and education and reforms and laws which were set up as a means of trying to better people’s lives. Introduction Poverty was a concept that people in Britain in the Victorian age struggled with. Were the destitute victims of circumstances, idle and work shy or the victims of industrialisation?There was also the question of who should be responsible for the poor, should society take care of them or as many believed should they simply be left to thei r own devices? The hymn ‘All things bright and beautiful show a typical view on poverty; ‘The rich man in his castle, The poor man at his gate, God made them high and lowly, And ordered their estate. ’ With the onset of industrialisation and population shift, people began to question their place in society and anticipate whether they could indeed change this. Population migrationThe reasons for migration from the country to the city during the 18th and 19th centuries is mainly threefold, for one the population in the country began to grow, this is attributed to the drop in infant mortality rate and the surplus in births over deaths, secondly the invention of farm enhancing methods drastically reduced the need for an agricultural workforce, that, in conjunction with the development of large mass producing factories within the cities drew people away as there was more employment opportunity.Lastly, the north became a hub for large scale industrialisation as it was i n abundance with raw materials such as coal and iron which fuelled the rate of growth, while the south was the bread basket of the country. The population of northern cities such a Manchester grew from 25,000 in l772 to 303,000 by l850. By 1850, Britain was the only country in the world to have a larger urban population than rural. Social and occupational structure At the beginning of the 19th century, British population was very much ranked in classes; this was a way of assessing ones wealth and developing a social structure.The land owners and nobility were at the top of this structure, these people were the ones in change of the county. This power derived from the fact that only the wealthy land owners were permitted to vote therefore they would only permit laws which benefited themselves. With the rise of industrialization a new ‘middle class’ was born. This was usually wealthy merchants who had invested in factories and become very rich. They were not however alway s land owners and therefore unable to vote.The mill owners began to feel they deserved the right to vote. They indeed paid taxes and contributed heavily to the economy and in many cases were far wealthier than the blue blood land owners. The Whigs saw the middle classes push for the vote as a way to gain power, they knew if they could get a reformation on voting passed they would gain masses of support from the middle class. The Tories however resisted this. After the Whigs came to power in 1830, they tried several times to pass a reformation act, which the Tories repeatedly blocked.This was only passed when Earl Grey appealed directly to the king, who agreed to create more Whig lords. This did not please the Tory lords who then gave in and agreed to pass the Reformation Act. The working class where unaffected by this reformation in voting and began pushing for power and began organising trade unions to stand up for their rights against employers. The employers however banned groups of workers congregating in order to prevent them from rising up. Distribution of wealth Workers at this time were treated very badly, there were no laws specifying working times or wages.Meaning employers could pay as little as they wanted and workers were usually expected to work up to 19 hours per day 6 days a week. Work conditions were usually dangerous and accidents could easily happen. Despite these bad conditions however workers had little choice but to put up with them as work was hard to come by and there were often long lines of unemployed people queuing for their jobs. Many woman and children as young as 3 were employed in the factories until 1819 Cotton Mills act was passed preventing children under 9 from working and children under 16 from working more then 12 hours.Due to this exploitation of workers, the mill owners became fabulously wealthy. In addition to exploiting their workers, areas such as the textile trade imported cheap raw materials and sold them on for a la rge profit. Life in industrial cities Law and order Due to the poverty of many crime rates soared in the 19th century, in 1800 75% of these were petty thefts such as pick pocketing many of these were children, this is explored in Dickens’s Oliver twist, with his depiction of Fagin’s gang of pickpockets.Many people were also involved in marches as a way as campaigning for their rights and gaining fairer wages /wanting the right to vote and actions such as the luddites revolt. The judicial system of the time was varied and punishments such as prison, hanging and deportation was given out. In 1829 the Metropolitan Police were set up and in 1835 towns were allowed to set up their own police force. Education Before 1870, there was no standardised way of educating children in Britain; there was no Free State education until 1891.Prior to this the majority of children receiving education were those of the wealthy they were often educated at home by nannies. Once the boys were old enough (around 10/11) they would be sent to public school i. e. Eaton then progress to law school or become doctors. . Children of the poor were sent out to work when they were deemed old enough, education was not as important as earning a wage. However with the poor law amendment act, children entering the workhouse were also to receive education. Living conditions:Due to the rate of urban expansion houses were built quickly and were of poor quality, with areas often being referred to as ‘slums’. There was often housing shortages which resulted in cramped living spaces were whole families often lived in one room. ‘Hideous slums, some of them acres wide, some no more than crannies of obscure misery, make up a substantial part of the, metropolis †¦ In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single room’ Due to the high rent charges imposed by landlords and the growing demand for jobs many people became homeless an d ived on the streets. The streets were frightening places and this poverty and destitution gave rise to such social problems as alcoholism and prostitution as a way of escaping and making ends meet. Health conditions These cramp conditions also meant little to no sanitation which lead on to the spread of disease such as cholera, typhoid ad smallpox. In an article in 1849, author Henry Mayhew wrote how a ditch ran through the streets of London into which sewage emptied from this ditch the people would also drink. As we gazed in horror at it, we saw drains and sewers emptying their filthy contents into it; we saw a whole tier of doorless privies in the open road, common to men and women built over it; we heard bucket after bucket of filth splash into it’ Bad health for the poor can also be attributed to the corn law of 1804, in that the landowners imposed taxes on imported corn to protect their profits, thus making the price of bread, a staple of the poor mans diet, far more e xpensive. This in conjunction with a bad harvest in 1816 meant prices became higher still.Edwin Chadwick was a huge influence on the development of sanitation when he published ‘The Chadwick Report’ The Chadwick report In 1837, there were epidemics of influenza and typhoid. Edwin Chadwick was asked to compile a report looking at the living conditions of the poor. He conducted his report between 1839 and 1841. In his report he argued that disease was a direct result of poor sanitary conditions, concluding that reform must be made. In 1848 the ‘Public Health Act’ was passed. This act ensured that water and sewage supplies were clean as well as cleaning the streets and refuse collection was introduced.Chadwick was appointed Sanitation Commissioner and also president of the association of public sanitary inspectors in 1884. During his time in these roles he argued ways public health could be improved. These included the availability of fresh, clean water, water closets in every house and a sewage network which disposed of waste far away from inhabited areas. The old poor law The old poor law was introduced in 1601 and gave help to any poor person within the parish be it through monetary means, medical or the giving of food. This relief was paid for via poor rate, which was paid by local taxes.By 1832, the country was paying ? 7 million per anum to the able bodied poor and topping up low wages, something which the wealthy disagreed with. They argued that this encouraged laziness as a man knew he could work less and receive the same amount of money. They also argued it would have a negative effect on labouring, thus plunging the country into poverty. In 1834 a report was commissioned into bettering the welfare of the poor and reducing the government’s expenditure. The findings of this report lead onto the reform of the poor law. The poor law amendment act 1834Under this new act, the parishes were grouped into unions and each union wa s to build a workhouse. The unions were prevented from giving outside help to the poor and help was only accessible to those willing to give up their homes and enter the workhouses. The workhouses were deemed the ultimate humiliation to the poor and was meant to act as a deterrent to the able bodied poor. Conditions inside the workhouses were purposely bad and families were split up and sent to different living quarters. They were fed on basic food rations and children received education within the workhouses in exchange for several hours of daily manual labour.The workhouses were very unpopular and not all people agreed with the poor law. Richard Oastler referred to the workhouses as ‘prisons’ and several workhouses such as Andover Workhouse were published in the media for their horrific conditions. Charles dickens also sympathised with the poor stating in his novels that individuals in the workhouse were treated worse than criminals. ‘we have come to this absurd , this dangerous, this monstrous pass, that the dishonest felon is, in respect of cleanliness, order, diet, and accommodation, better provided for, and taken care of, than the honest pauper. Due to this the government set strict rules for the running of the workhouse. They were not always followed however. Conclusion It is evident that this period of history had a profound and ever-changing effect on the society of Britain, which can still be seen today. Many people suffered, sacrificed and fought for the rights to change their circumstances. New innovations and developments meant Britain became an industrial giant, and one of the wealthiest countries of its time. As well as a positive effect, like all things, there is also a negative. For the vast wealth created there were those who were exploited and became destitute.It can be argued however that this was necessary and without the suffering, progression would not have been possible. —————— ————————– [ 1 ]. C. Alexander 1848 [ 2 ]. Early Victorian Britain, J. F. C Harrison, Fontana press, London, 1988, Page 18 [ 3 ]. http://www. flowofhistory. com/units/eme/17/fc113 retrieved 20/01/12 [ 4 ]. http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/Pwhigs. htm, retrieved 1/12/11 [ 5 ]. Early Victorian Britain, J. F. C Harrison, Fontana press, London, 1988, Page 39 [ 6 ]. Summary of the duties of a justice of the peace out of sessions, H Pye, J Butterworth and sons 1827, Page 43 [ 7 ]. ttp://vcp. e2bn. org/teachers/11466-timeline. html retrieved 28/1/12 [ 8 ]. http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/trail/victorian_britain/education_health/laissez_faire_07. shtml retrieved 28/1/12 [ 9 ]. The Victorian underworld, K Chesney, Penguin books, 1991 [ 10 ]. http://www. hiddenlives. org. uk/articles/poverty. html retrieved 28/1/12 [ 11 ]. http://www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/PRcorn. htm retrieved 28/1/12 [ 12 ]. Edwin Chadwick, Poor la w and public health, R Watson, Longman group limited, England, 1990, page 6-15 [ 13 ]. A Christmas carol, C Dickens, Broadveiw press, 2003 page 204.

Movie Industry Essay

1)What competitive forces have challenged the movie industry? The movie industry is challenged by increased levels of high-speed Internet access, improved PCs with DVD readers and writers, easy-to-carry video devices, and leading-edge file-sharing services. These forces make the video download easier and faster than ever before. 2)What problems have these forces created? Meanwhile, benefits are not the only things came with these competitive forces, problems came as well. The movie industry has a recession. They cannot make revenue as much as before by releasing movies, people more like to download a free movie or even it is illegal rather than buy tickets or buy a DVD home. At the same time, these free download things also involve copyright infringement. Most of these download sources are from people who have no permission to upload these movies or clips. 3) What changes have these problems caused the movie and television studios to make? Movie companies have to make some changes to adapt to the market. They cooperate with sites such as CinemaNow and Movielink to sell downloadable movies online with a 24-hour watch time limitation. Describe the impact of disruptive technology on the companies discussed in this case. YouTube, a video-sharing website, started their operation up in 2005. Many YouTubers upload movies or movie clips without permission which infringe the right of major studios, including NBC Universal, Time Warner’s Warner Brothers Entertainment, and News Corporation’s Twentieth Century Fox. YouTube cannot deal with this situation well, because hot movie clips are from multiple users and they can be moved as quickly as they were posted. Major studios have a recession on the DVD market, and this infringement behavior leads they lose money in cinemas. Q3. 1)How have the movie studios responded to YouTube? The movie studios are seeking $1. 25 billion from YouTube. And before 2007, after Google purchased YouTube, the movie studios seek a way to cooperate with YouTube about establishing licensing agreements which make copyright content available legally. 2)What is the goal of the response? The goal of the response is to protect their rights from infringement. And their negotiation shows that the movie studios have realized it is important to put more attention to online digital market. The movie industry should move forward to a new potential market. 3) What can the movie studios learn from the music industry’s dealings with online digital music and copyright infringement? The movie studios should know it is an irresistible trend that improvements of the movie and music markets move towards to digitized media. Digitized media can promote new releases on time-saving and money-saving bases. And it is important protect copyright if you do not want to lose revenue in a biggest movie and music market. Q4. Should motion picture companies continue to use YouTube to promote their new films? Why or why not? Motion picture companies should continue to use YouTube to promote their new releases. There are three reasons. First, promotion on YouTube is time-saving. YouTube, this heavy traffic website, has millions of visitors which are much more than other video-sharing websites. Thousands of people around the world upload, download, watch and comment on YouTube every second. YouTubers can see a new release at the same time its promotion posted. Second, it is more money-saving. Promotion online saves the cost of advertising expenses (prints and related fees), DVDs stocks, shipping expenses and salaries of salesperson and other expenses in real-life stores. Third, it is trend that world is becoming smaller because of the Internet, and online promotion or release will be the most efficient way for a new product.

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