Symptoms And Treatment Of Mental Illness - 3035 Words

Introduction Mental illness/disorder can be described as a change in a person’s cognitive, physical, emotional and/or behavioural control and organization that may cause distress in different areas of life (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). I chose mental illness as the affected population for the article in an inpatient setting; acute psychiatric and rehabilitative units. The normal length of stay in these places varies from a week to a year; the focus being on faster turnover in general. The shorter stays make it challenging and important for the art therapists in such settings, to modify and adapt their strategies, goals and group rules. All three articles deal with group art therapy and the modality used is visual art; drawing, sketching, painting (paper and textile) and murals. A typical session of art therapy is described by each author; detailing the method, modality, patients’ interpretation of the art work and discussion of the observations. The patient group in all three settings presented with various negative and positive symptoms as the result of psychoses, personality disorders, thought and mood disorders or abuse and self-harm. Some of the characteristics the therapists aimed to target were depression, aggression, hostility, and disorganization, poor sense of reality via distorted perception or object relation. Other personality traits that experienced a positive change were the patients’ self-esteem, confidence, and appetite and communicationShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Mental Illness3857 Words   |  16 Pagesof severe mental illness. Sometimes this mental illness can take the form of a personality disorder, which at present is considered incurable, or it can take the form of severe depression, for which there are currently many treatments. This paper aims to shed light as to how conditions beyond a person s control, such as mental illnesses like depression or personality disorders can cause these individuals to get into trouble with the law. Methods: Diagnosis and identification of mental conditionsRead MoreThe Canadian Mental Health Association1396 Words   |  6 PagesCanadian Mental Health Association estimates that 1 in 5 Canadians will develop a mental illness at some time in their lives.† Mental illness is defined as a mental pattern that causes an impaired ability to function normally in ordinary life. Mental illnesses can affect persons of any age, race, religion, or income and are not the result of personal weakness, lack of character or poor upbringing. A number of factors can contribute to whether an individual will develop a mental illness, with theseRead MoreMental Health : A Common Occurrence For People1622 Words   |  7 Pages MENTAL HEALTH (Name) (University) Mental Health Introduction It is a common occurrence for people to experience fear or sadness at one point in their lives. While this is acceptable dealing with fear or sadness has proven to be a challenging situation, calling for professional intervention. When fear or sadness becomes hard to deal with, people often use such diagnostic words as anxiety and depression. Apparently, anxiety and depression are the leading cause of global mental health problemRead MoreThe And Its Effects On Patients With Depression955 Words   |  4 Pagesserious illness and it was nothing to be ashamed of (Wolpert, 2001). Although something is said unintentionally a person with an illness will not know that and will take it in a different way. These can lead to a person feeling like they and/or their illness is not taken seriously or not being validated. Most likely this can lead to an individual not wanting to seek treatment because they have constantly heard their disorder is not a real concern as well as not wanting to seek treatment. Going backRead MoreThe Treatment Prospects For Schizophrenia1571 Words   |  7 PagesThe Treatment Prospects for Schizophrenia Cecilia Pivarunas Northern Virginia Community College Abstract Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that can present in many different ways. Most often, symptoms display in a negative or positive manner. While medications are on the market to mitigate symptoms, the optimal treatment method couples both pharmaceutical and psychiatric rehabilitation. The Patient Outcomes Research Team, commonly called PORT, has issued treatment recommendations for SchizophreniaRead MoreThe Documentary True Life Aired Their Twelfth Episode On Season1463 Words   |  6 Pagestheir daily routines recording how this illness affect their lives and how they manage to handle their mental illness. Each one of them experiences this illness different and that influences their decisions on medical care and the way they interactions others and the outside world. Society often sees people that suffer from schizophrenia as weird and crazy. It is common for society to want to separate them out from the rest of society by putting them in mental hospitals. Joshua is a 25 year old fromRead More Treating Concurrent Disorders Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pages Mental health is being aware, accepting yourself, and striking a balance in all aspects of your life like social, spiritual, physical, economical, and mental (Association, 2001). Mental health can be described as our positive interactions with the context and events in our life, and having the ability to cope with life’s stressors. Mental health problems can begin at anytime during your life (CAMH, 2010). In fact anything can make it difficult for an individual’s ability to interact effectivelyRead MoreMental Illness: The Main Symptoms of Schizophrenia 1546 Words   |  7 Pages Mental illness is seen throughout society as a negative subject, many suffer through not only with the disorders but, also the shame that comes along. In this article we will look at one of the most severe mental disorders in hopes of achieving a better knowledge of the disorder and to debunk some of the misconceptions of having a mental disorder. Approximately fifty million Americans suffer from mental illness. Of those fifty million only about twenty-five percent seek help due to the stigmaRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Mental Illness Essay1270 Words   |  6 PagesSchizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental illness that interferes with a person’s ability to think clearly, manage emotions, decision making, and relate to others. It’s a long-term medical illness affecting 1% of Americans. The causes of schizophrenia include genetics, environment, brain chemistry, and substance abuse. Schizophrenia occurs roughly in 10%of people who have a first-degree relative with the disorder such as a parent or sibling. (NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness | What is SchizophreniaRead MoreThe Problem Of Self Diagnosis1180 Words   |  5 Pages The main problem of self-diagnosis is that one symptom of an illness may be linked to several types of conditions a person is not aware of. Not having a healthcare professional whether a doctor or psychiatrist to evaluate the illness. The result could be deadly consequences person’s well-being. There’s so many reasons why people would prefer to have an online consultation treat their illness and not have an actual doctor to evaluate their problems. Cyberchondria is the proper term for people who

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest free essay sample

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey is considered to be a outburst of social protest against the policies of government, and what really makes us humans sane or insane. The â€Å"system† known as our government suppresses the individual spirit and mandates that everyone must conform to his or her mold of a model citizen. Those who don’t fit this mold are filtered into the â€Å"asylum† and deemed as mentally ill. Kesey demonstrates this concept with examples, which include the symbol of Nurse Ratched, and those what happened to those who went against the system. In the novel, Nurse Ratched serves as a symbol for conformity. She is the head Nurse of the asylum, and is the main voice on who leaves, and what actions should be done to make them fit for society’s robotic world. In every aspect, she oozes conformity. Even her appearance fits the mold of what society wants. When McMurphy faced her with rebellion, Chief describes how well and calmly she handles it. â€Å"Her face is still calm, as though she had a cast made and painted to just the look she wants. Confident, patient, and unruffled. No more little jerk, just that terrible cold face, a calm smile stamped out of red plastic; a clean, smooth forehead, not a line in it to show weakness or worry†(Kesey 99). In this world, which seems almost parallel to our own, everyone that is socially accepted into this culture looks and acts exactly the same. The intentional reference to plastic and smoothness describes her as being robotic and not a true human. Her description brings up the discussion of who in this world is exactly as we would put it, â€Å"normal†? In this novel, Nurse Ratched is the â€Å"model citizen† and teaches the patients on how they need to act to be considered suitable in real life society. The message she brings to the patients is that anyone who is at the least bit different belongs in this hospital and should accept the fact that they are mentally ill. Nurse Ratched initiates her control in the asylum by having a specific regimen that everyone must follow. She believes that in order to properly function in a thriving society, everyone must do the exact same thing on a very strict schedule. When McMurphy goes against his daily working agenda, Nurse Ratched finally breaks and shows him her fury. â€Å"’You’re committed, you realize. You are†¦ under the jurisdiction of me†¦ the staff. ’ She’s holding up a fist, all those red-orange fingernails burning into her palm. ‘Under jurisdiction and control†(Kesey 125). The author’s use of metaphors is to highlight Nurse Ratched’s undying need for things to go according to the schedule. The syntax within this sentence also emphasizes how control is established in the asylum. Italicizing â€Å"control† shows how according to the Nurse, if a patient wants to get out and into the real world, it is understood they will blindly obey the strict rules established in the ward. This also emulates how society has no room for those that don’t fit the frame of a well functioning and developing world. When McMurphy swaggers his way onto the ward, he is like a beacon of hope to the patients. He shows them that being yourself is a better way of leading your life rather than coincide to the way that society believes you should be. He taught the men t not take life too seriously, and went against Nurse Ratched whenever he felt she was in the wrong. After the suicide of Billy Bibbit, McMurphy, out of rage strangles Nurse Ratched. But, while he was choking the life out of the one who has caused these men’s insanity, he realizes as the orderlies and nurses pull him away, that there is no way of beating the system. â€Å"A sound of cornered-animal fear and hate and surrender and defiance, that if you ever trailed coon or cougar or lynx is like the last sound the treed and shot and falling animal makes as the dogs get him, when he finally doesn’t care any more about anything but himself and his dying†(Kesey 275). This quote is the foreshadowing of the death and utmost defeat of McMurphy. He knows as soon as his hands wrapped around her neck, it was all over. McMurphy was soon called for a lobotomy, and then is when he lost all traces of his humanity. Even though his message of courage and what it takes to be a man lives within all the patients, he is then shown to the ward as a constant reminder of what happens when you break ward policy. Another example of this is when Chief describes to McMurphy what happened to his father. His family owned a large amount of land on an Native American Reserve, until the federal government came and seized it from his tribe to industrialize it into a proper town. The damage that had been done to his father, who was forced to live among societies rules, tore every last bit of his soul apart. â€Å"My papa was real big. He did like he pleased. That’s why everybody worked on him. The last time I seen my father he was blind in the cities from drinking and every time he put the bottle to his mouth, he don’t suck out of it, it sucks out of him. . . . I’m not saying they killed him. The just worked on him, the way they’re working on you†(Kesey 189). Chief uses the symbol of size to describe how much courage and manliness his father possessed. This is also an example of how his father, desperate to escape from the pressures of society, drank his sorrows away. He drank until he was blinded by the crimes the government had done on his people. McMurphy believed that alcoholism killed Bromden’s father, but Chief disagrees. He believed his father died because the repression that was forced upon him drained every bit of man he had left in him. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, the author uses strong doses of social commentary to make us see past this world we live in and see how insane we really are. Condemning people that are in any way unique to a facility that dehumanizes and put shame into men’s hearts only makes us look less sane and them less insane. Kesey uses examples such as Nurse Ratched, who represents the symbol of society, and what happens to those who go against authority and stay true to who they are. This novel was written so we can take a break and look past everything, and ask ourselves; what does it really mean to be insane?

Why some employees go to work when ill

While many organizations may be worried about absenteeism and its impact on the workplace, research has found that presenteeism is having a greater impact on the workplace (King 2012). Sickness presenteeism is a concept that refers to employees who attend work despite their ill health, or other factors that may distract them from being productive (Hansen and Andersen 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why some employees go to work when ill specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to a survey report by the Work Foundation, more than 40% of employees go to work when ill as a result of pressure from managers and co-workers (King 2012). Thus, though some employees may choose to come to work when ill, this may prove detrimental to a firm in the long run in terms of lower worker productivity, and increasing firm’s costs. This paper will look into the underlying factors that cause employees to go to work de spite their ill health, and what employers should do to manage sickness presenteeism. Individual and organizational factors have an impact on why employees may choose to go to work even when sick. To begin with, organizational culture barriers which may be in the form of norms, workplace ethics, and workplace culture play a key role in sickness presenteeism (Bratton and Gold 2012). In some firms, bosses may penalise their employees for taking any sick days off, or may in general discourage this even if the employees are entitled to these privileges. As a result, this puts pressure on employees to attend work in order to protect their jobs (Dew, Keefe and Small 2005). Low sickness pay is another policy that organizations apply, so as to decrease sickness absenteeism which give employees more reasons to go to work even when they are sick. One’s responsibility towards the team is also a key reason why employees may choose to go to work even when they are sick. Some employees tak e it upon themselves to ensure that they do not fail their team members on any assigned task (Collins and Cartwright 2012). As a result, they put upon themselves the self-pressure to show up at work so as to fulfill their responsibilities. Thus, the fear of letting down their team members, and receiving negative reactions from them puts pressure on employees to go to work even though they are sick (Aronsson and Gustafsson 2005). Fear of replaceability also contributes to employees going to work when they are sick. Many people get their source of income from their various jobs, and the thought of losing these jobs to someone else as a result of taking sick leave prevents them from just staying at home (Wynne-Jones et al. 2009). As a result, majority opt to work, regardless of their ailment in order to avoid being replaced which ultimately translates to job loss.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Employer expectations also contribute to the reason why employees still go to work even though they are sick. In many cases, employees do not want to appear less committed to their jobs, and thus, work to keep up with the employer’s expectations. In other cases, employers place a lot of pressure and expectations on their employees, and therefore, employees fear failing their superiors, and also fear receiving disciplinary action (Pauly et al. 2008). In addition, due to the expectations placed on them, employees place pressure on themselves even when there is little work to be done. This is meant to build a good impression in order to secure chances of retaining their jobs, if ever layoffs arise. Self denial is also another reason why employees go to work despite being sick. Some employees convince themselves that even though they are not feeling very well, they are still well enough to go to work, and to carry out their responsibilities (How to deal with pr esenteeism in the workplace 2013.) The impact of sickness presenteeism cannot be ignored as it leads to low work productivity. This may result in businesses incurring huge losses, which should be effectively dealt with to avoid such losses. Sickness presenteeism has various negative effects in an organization; apart from low quality performance, one is also exposed to the danger of injuring themselves as one is not always in the right state of mind (Hansen and Andersen 2008). This, in the long run, may lower employee motivation as the organization does not create an environment of satisfaction and commitment (Hansen and Andersen 2009). Organizational culture plays a very crucial role on how sickness presenteeism is managed in the workplace. Culture, in this case, pertains to the set norms, or the behavioral rules which are a reflection of the organization’s values. Managers should address the cultural issues of the organization, which may have an impact on sickness presenteei sm. By redefining certain rules and norms, this may dispel any fears that employees have if they go against certain norms, and they may be more at ease (Kessler and Stang 2006). Additionally, creating a more open culture will also enhance communication between the employer and the employees. As such, employees will be more at ease to discuss their health problems with their employers, and this may prevent sickness presenteeism which has negative impacts on workplace productivity. Managers should also work on promoting a healthy work-life in order to reduce cases of presenteeism. Employees should be encouraged not to over-work so as to reduce incidences of stress during working periods (Kessler and Stang 2006). Through this, they will be able to pay full concentration on their work, and consequently, yield positive results.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why some employees go to work when ill specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another strategy that managers should implement is monitoring presenteeism in the workplace. Usually, it is much easier to identify absence in the workplace rather than presenteeism. Managers should be more aware of the negative impact of presenteeism, and should lay keen emphasis on monitoring it. This can be done by carrying out regular performance reviews, and employee satisfaction surveys in order to identify any problems facing the employees. Organizational policies that punish employees for being absent due to illnesses, for example, by not giving them their full pay are the causes of presenteeism. Thus, employees prefer going to work even when sick to losing their full pay. Hence, managers should come up with fair and flexible policies, which will be lenient to employees, and which will in the long run minimize cases of sickness presenteeism (Pickett 2012). By implementing these effective policies, employees will not face too much pressure to come to work when t hey are sick. Conclusion Sickness presenteeism is a concept that can lead to disastrous effects on organizations, if left unattended. Managers should put in place effective HR policies which may deal with this issue, and ensure productivity on the part of the employees. Through this, organizations will cut on losses incurred as a result of sickness presenteeism, because presenteeism eventually leads to absenteeism. This robs the organization off key players in the workplace translating to losses. Thus, to ensure success, managers should focus on working with a healthy workforce. Reference List Aronsson, G Gustafsson, K 2005, ‘Sickness presenteeism: Prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research’, J Occup Environ Med, vol. 47, pp. 958-966. Bratton, J Gold, J 2012, Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice, 5thed, Palgrave Macmillan, UK. Collins, A Cartwright, S 2012, ‘Why come into work ill? Individual and organizational fac tors underlying presenteeism’, Employee Relations, vol. 34, no.4.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dew, K, Keefe, V Small, K 2005 ‘Choosing’ to work when sick: workplace presenteeism’, Soc Sci Med, vol. 60, pp. 2273-2282. Hansen, CD Andersen JH 2008, ‘Going ill to work – What personal circumstances, attitudes and work-related factors are associated with sickness presenteeism?’ Soc Sci Med, vol. 67, pp. 956-964. Hansen, CD Andersen, JH 2009, ‘Sick at work – a risk factor for long-term sickness absence at a later date’, Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, vol. 63, pp. 397-402. How to deal with presenteeism in the workplace 9 April 2013. Web. Kessler, RC Stang, PE 2006, Health and work productivity: Making the business case for quality health care,University of Chicago Press, Chicago. King, M 2012 ‘Work days lost to sickness’, The Guardian. Web. Pauly MV, Nicholson S, Polsky D, Berger ML Sharda C 2008, ‘Valuing reductions in on-the-job illness: Presenteeism from managerial and economic perspec tives’, Health Economics, vol. 17, pp. 469-485. Pickett, P 2012, The cost of presenteeism. Web. Wynne-Jones, G, Buck, R, Varnava, A, Philips, C Main, C.J 2009, ‘Impacts on work absence and performance: What really matters?’ Occupational Medicine, vol. 59, pp. 556-562. This essay on Why some employees go to work when ill was written and submitted by user Casey Carter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Autoparts Sales & Inventory Management Data Model

Abstract / Introduction: The selling of automotive aftermarket replacement parts is both a retail enterprise selling to consumers and a wholesale operation selling parts to repair shops and other resellers. In consideration of the diverse customer base, this data model will be developed so that sales of auto parts either retail or wholesale can be recorded and tracked electronically. In addition, stock inventory levels will be monitored electronically with this model and an automated stock replenishment mechanism implemented. Due to time constraints this model will be a stripped down version only pertaining to the sales and inventory functions. The current design does allow for further development and the addition of other components. Since the heart of an auto parts store is in its inventory of parts we will begin with an explanation of how the inventory is managed. By the use of the MinQuantity field in the Inventory table the system will be able to indicate a low stock level once the quantity in stock is equal to or less than the minimum quantity specified by the MinQuantity attribute. At this point a View for Inventory can be generated to display inventory items whose quantity levels are below their specified minimum. This Reorder_View can be used by the system to generate purchase orders to vendors whose contact data and address are stored in the table named ‘Vendor’. Just as the Inventory table contains all the attributes for any given part the Vendor tabled does the same for all vendors. To complete the description of the model that will be created we will now discuss the sales tracking process. Once a sale is made, a record of that sale is recorded in the Daily_Sales table. A transaction number to be associated with this sale will be generated then used as part of the identifier for this sale. The store number and part number are also part of this unique identifier. From this record a sales invoice/r... Free Essays on Autoparts Sales & Inventory Management Data Model Free Essays on Autoparts Sales & Inventory Management Data Model Abstract / Introduction: The selling of automotive aftermarket replacement parts is both a retail enterprise selling to consumers and a wholesale operation selling parts to repair shops and other resellers. In consideration of the diverse customer base, this data model will be developed so that sales of auto parts either retail or wholesale can be recorded and tracked electronically. In addition, stock inventory levels will be monitored electronically with this model and an automated stock replenishment mechanism implemented. Due to time constraints this model will be a stripped down version only pertaining to the sales and inventory functions. The current design does allow for further development and the addition of other components. Since the heart of an auto parts store is in its inventory of parts we will begin with an explanation of how the inventory is managed. By the use of the MinQuantity field in the Inventory table the system will be able to indicate a low stock level once the quantity in stock is equal to or less than the minimum quantity specified by the MinQuantity attribute. At this point a View for Inventory can be generated to display inventory items whose quantity levels are below their specified minimum. This Reorder_View can be used by the system to generate purchase orders to vendors whose contact data and address are stored in the table named ‘Vendor’. Just as the Inventory table contains all the attributes for any given part the Vendor tabled does the same for all vendors. To complete the description of the model that will be created we will now discuss the sales tracking process. Once a sale is made, a record of that sale is recorded in the Daily_Sales table. A transaction number to be associated with this sale will be generated then used as part of the identifier for this sale. The store number and part number are also part of this unique identifier. From this record a sales invoice/r...

How to Quit Your Job Professionally

How to Quit Your Job Professionally You’ve made plenty of mistakes; we all have. If you think about your entire career, the list can get pretty long. But there’s always the threat of making bigger mistakes, especially the kind you make by playing it just a little bit too safe. Are you feeling stuck in your job? Unsatisfied? Like the career you’ve always dreamed of keeps slipping further and further away? Convincing yourself to stay because it’s the path of least resistance can be the final nail in the coffin of your fulfillment.If you’re brave enough to take the leap and have decided to quit your job, remember these three things:Stretch OutIf you’re ready to make big, scary changes, you’re ready to be more flexible. In fact, you might have to be. Open yourself up to new positions and industries outside your comfort zone. Take a chance on yourself in the interests of your future.Pay it ForwardIf there’s something you don’t know how to do, something that†™s holding you back, take steps. Invest in yourself and in new skills that can take your career to the next level. A little passion and personal development now can pay off in the long run.Keep ConnectedYour current and past coworkers are the bottom of the pyramid. Maintain your relationships, build lasting connections, and never miss an opportunity to grow your network. You’ll never know when you will need it. The better you engage with your colleagues now, the better you’ll be equipped to engage with the people you meet in your next position.The bottom line is this: start behaving as though you already have your dream career, and it’ll be that much easier to step into it when you do find it.

Pros of Gay Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pros of Gay Marriage - Essay Example Being gay should not be a basis of discrimination, stigmatization or even denial of human rights of a person. Character of a person determines who he or she is and not his or her sexual orientation. Different arguments have been put forth by opponents of gay or same sex marriages in different parts of the world. Religion is the most used argument by opponents of gay marriages. According to beliefs ascribed by different religions, gay marriage amounts to immorality and sin to the deity. In this light, homosexuality is sin and morally wrong hence requires to be illegalized (Chauncey). Another argument put forward by opponents of gay marriages is that, marriage is supposed to lead to procreation so as to ensure continuity of life and family, however if same sex marriages were to be legalized, this would lead to a decrease in the number of children being born in the world. Traditionally, marriage has been defined as the union between a man and a woman. Inclusion or legalization of gay ma rriages would require a re-definition of marriage to include same sex marriages. The same would also be expected or included in the school curriculum forcing teachers to teach homosexuality in schools. This may lead to confusion concerning gender identity especially in young people (Sprigg). However, when viewed from other perspectives, gay marriage appears to be a natural part of human evolution.

Analytically writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analytically writing - Assignment Example t accepted cause behind this abrupt political change in the Arab Region is often considered as the peoples’ dissatisfaction, social media had played a crucial role in these uprisings in the Arab countries. Referring to the enormous role of internet and other social medias, Clay Shirky comments that â€Å"Social media have become coordinating tools for nearly all of the world’s political movements† (30). This assumption has been reflected thoroughly in the case of ‘Arab Spring’. In fact, the ‘Arab Spring’ was not any single event; rather it had been the climax of peoples’ discontent against the authoritarian and oppressive governments, which were mostly regimes in nature. Though peoples’ discontent with their political system reaches the climax during the 2010s, this discontent was fuming up through the preceding decades. Social media as well as other social communication networks help these people to take the manifestation of their dissatisfactions to the climax through an organized and unified effort. Social Medias like facebook, youtube, tumblr, twitter, etc helped those people to communicate, share and arrange the movements successfully. It is assumed that if peoples’ discontent had not ripened the background of the movement along the preceding decades, Social Medias themselves could not have staged the revolution. In this sense, social medias can be considered as sociopolitical tools which empower the mass with the awareness of the role of their political authorities in the betterment of public life. The assumption that ‘social medias’ are tools of peoples’ sociopolitical awareness is supported by Clay Shirky. In his article, referring to the ouster of Estrada Government through a violent public protest, Shirky claims that the â€Å"potential of social media lies mainly in their support of civil society and the public sphere –change measured in years and decades rather weeks and months† (30). It is assumed that social medias have played